Porther N, Barbieri M A
a Department of Biological Sciences ; Florida International University; Miami , FL USA.
Small GTPases. 2015;6(3):135-44. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2015.1050152. Epub 2015 Aug 20.
Metastasis is characterized pathologically by uncontrolled cell invasion, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. It is a multistep process that encompasses the modulation of membrane permeability and invasion, cell spreading, cell migration and proliferation of the extracellular matrix, increase in cell adhesion molecules and interaction, decrease in cell attachment and induced survival signals and propagation of nutrient supplies (blood vessels). In cancer, a solid tumor cannot expand and spread without a series of synchronized events. Changes in cell adhesion receptor molecules (e.g., integrins, cadherin-catenins) and protease expressions have been linked to tumor invasion and metastasis. It has also been determined that ligand-growth factor receptor interactions have been associated with cancer development and metastasis via the endocytic pathway. Specifically, growth factors, which include IGF-1 and IGF-2 therapy, have been associated with most if not all of the features of metastasis. In this review, we will revisit some of the key findings on perhaps one of the most important hallmarks of cancer metastasis: cell migration and cell invasion and the role of the endocytic pathway in mediating this phenomenon.
转移在病理学上的特征是细胞不受控制的侵袭、增殖、迁移和血管生成。它是一个多步骤过程，包括膜通透性和侵袭的调节、细胞铺展、细胞迁移以及细胞外基质的增殖、细胞粘附分子和相互作用的增加、细胞附着的减少以及诱导的存活信号和营养供应（血管）的传播。在癌症中，实体瘤如果没有一系列同步事件就无法扩展和扩散。细胞粘附受体分子（如整合素、钙粘蛋白-连环蛋白）和蛋白酶表达的变化与肿瘤侵袭和转移有关。还确定配体-生长因子受体相互作用通过内吞途径与癌症发展和转移相关。具体而言，包括IGF-1和IGF-2治疗在内的生长因子与转移的大多数（如果不是全部）特征有关。在本综述中，我们将回顾一些关于癌症转移最重要标志之一的关键发现：细胞迁移和细胞侵袭以及内吞途径在介导这一现象中的作用。
