Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza, Khakpai Fatemeh
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Genomics Research Center and School of Advanced Sciences in Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran,
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2015 Sep;18(9):591-603.
Anxiety is an unpleasant physiological state in which an overreaction to a situation occurs. It has been suggested that different brain regions are involved in the modulation and expression of anxiety, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Dysfunction of neurotransmitters and their receptors can lead to many mood disorders like anxiety. There are evidences that dopamine plays an important role in anxiety modulation in different parts of the brain. Some evidence has shown that the mesolimbic, mesocortical and nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are involved in anxiety. Both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mechanisms are important in mediating anxiety. The activity of dopaminergic system is modulated by several neurotransmitters, including glutamatergic neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), GABAergic fibers from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as well as the ventral pallidum and cholinergic fibers from the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. Thus, changes in the glutamatergic, and GABAergic, as well as mediated transmission in the mesolimbic, mesocortical and nigrostriatal dopaminergic system may influence anxiety-like behavior.
焦虑是一种不愉快的生理状态，在此状态下会对某种情况产生过度反应。有人提出，不同的脑区参与焦虑的调节和表达，包括杏仁核、海马体和额叶皮质。神经递质及其受体功能障碍可导致许多情绪障碍，如焦虑。有证据表明多巴胺在大脑不同部位的焦虑调节中起重要作用。一些证据表明中脑边缘、中脑皮质和黑质纹状体多巴胺能系统与焦虑有关。多巴胺D1和D2受体机制在介导焦虑方面都很重要。多巴胺能系统的活动受到多种神经递质的调节，包括来自内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的谷氨酸能神经元、来自伏隔核（NAc）以及腹侧苍白球的GABA能纤维，以及来自脚桥核和外侧背盖核的胆碱能纤维。因此，谷氨酸能、GABA能的变化以及中脑边缘、中脑皮质和黑质纹状体多巴胺能系统中的介导传递可能会影响焦虑样行为。
