Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2015 Nov;139:550-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.076. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
Despite the use of tributyltin (TBT) had been banned worldwide in 2008 there is still evidence of its deleterious presence in environment. We evaluate the usefulness of a 28days sediment bioassay with Nassarius reticulatus females to monitor TBT pollution, using imposex as endpoint. In addition, butyltins were determined in sediments and tissues, and, whenever posible, imposex was assessed in native N. reticulatus at the same sites where sediments were sampled. In the bioassay, a significant increase in imposex parameters was obtained with three sediments (Vi2, Vi3, and Vi4). No correlation was found between this and TBT concentrations in sediment although good correlations were obtained for TBT in tissues, putting in evidence TBT bioavailability in sediment. A significant decrease in imposex from 2008 to 2013 in native snails was only observed at sites that did not cause any effect in the bioassay. In contrast, imposex levels in 2013 were kept as high as 2008 in one of the sites where a significant imposex increase in the bioassay was observed. The bioassay proves thus to be a practical and ecological relevant tool, as: (i) it can be conducted in sites with no native populations of snails, (ii) it provides early identification of polluted sites, anticipating future imposex levels or early identification of recovering, and (iii) it yields information on the bioavailable fraction of the TBT in the sediment. Therefore, this tool can be of extreme usefulness under the scope of recent European legislative frameworks.
尽管 2008 年全球已禁止使用三丁基锡（TBT），但仍有证据表明其在环境中存在有害残留。我们评估了使用 28 天贻贝（ Nassarius reticulatus ）雌性生物测定法监测 TBT 污染的有效性，将性畸变作为终点。此外，还测定了沉积物和组织中的丁基锡，并在与沉积物采样地点相同的地点，尽可能评估了本地贻贝的性畸变。在生物测定中，有 3 种沉积物（Vi2、Vi3 和 Vi4）导致性畸变参数显著增加。尽管在组织中 TBT 浓度与这一参数之间存在良好相关性，但在沉积物中 TBT 浓度与这一参数之间未发现相关性，这表明 TBT 在沉积物中的生物可利用性。仅在未对生物测定产生任何影响的地点观察到 2008 年至 2013 年本地贻贝性畸变显著下降。相比之下，在生物测定中观察到性畸变显著增加的一个地点，2013 年的性畸变水平仍与 2008 年一样高。因此，该生物测定法被证明是一种实用且具有生态相关性的工具，因为：（i）它可在没有本地贻贝种群的地点进行；（ii）它可提前识别污染地点，预测未来的性畸变水平或提前识别恢复情况；（iii）它可提供关于沉积物中 TBT 生物可利用部分的信息。因此，在最近的欧洲立法框架范围内，该工具非常有用。
