Laban S, Doescher J, Schuler P J, Bullinger L, Brunner C, Veit J A, Hoffmann T K
Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum Ulm, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde und Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89070, Ulm, Deutschland,
HNO. 2015 Sep;63(9):612-9. doi: 10.1007/s00106-015-0054-1.
In recent years, new immunotherapeutic drugs have become available: the so-called immune checkpoint modulators. With these drugs, unprecedented treatment results have been achieved in different malignant diseases; primarily malignant melanoma, but also in various other malignomas. These achievements have revolutionized the oncologic treatment landscape. This quickly expanding research field, driven by revolutionary treatment results, has put immunotherapy in the focus of attention.
Due to rapid developments in the field of immunotherapy, this article aims at introducing, illustrating, and summarizing the field of modern immunotherapy, based on recently presented clinical data from the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2015.
The most important ASCO Meeting 2015 immunotherapy trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were identified, summarized, and discussed with respect to the current state of research.
The oncologic landscape of clinical trials is currently dominated by the new immune checkpoint modulating drugs. Also for HNSCC, a variety of clinical trials and substances are under way. The current primary focus of these trials is targeting and inhibiting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) axis. Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint modulating drugs seems to be independent of human papilloma virus (HPV) status. Robust predictive markers for patient selection are not yet available.
Current data from clinical trials with immune checkpoint modulators are promising. In the coming years, integration of these drugs into clinical routine can be expected. With regard to the public health economic burden and potential adverse events, the identification of predictive markers for patient selection is a major task for future trials.
近年来，新型免疫治疗药物已问世：即所谓的免疫检查点调节剂。使用这些药物，在不同恶性疾病中取得了前所未有的治疗效果；主要是恶性黑色素瘤，但也包括各种其他恶性肿瘤。这些成就彻底改变了肿瘤治疗格局。这一迅速发展的研究领域，受革命性治疗成果推动，已将免疫治疗置于关注焦点。
鉴于免疫治疗领域的快速发展，本文旨在基于2015年美国临床肿瘤学会（ASCO）年会最近公布的临床数据，介绍、阐释并总结现代免疫治疗领域。
确定、总结并讨论了2015年ASCO会议上针对头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）的最重要免疫治疗试验以及当前的研究现状。
目前临床试验的肿瘤学格局主要由新型免疫检查点调节药物主导。对于HNSCC，也有多种临床试验和药物正在进行中。这些试验当前的主要重点是靶向并抑制程序性死亡1（PD-1）轴。使用免疫检查点调节药物进行癌症免疫治疗似乎与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）状态无关。目前尚无用于患者选择的可靠预测标志物。
免疫检查点调节剂的当前临床试验数据很有前景。预计在未来几年，这些药物将被纳入临床常规治疗。鉴于公共卫生经济负担和潜在不良事件，识别用于患者选择的预测标志物是未来试验的一项主要任务。
