Doerscher Darin R, Lutz Terry L, Whisenant Stephen J, Smith Kerry R, Morris Craig A, Schroeder Carl M
Livestock, Poultry, and Seed Program, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20250, USA.
J Food Prot. 2015 Sep;78(9):1656-63. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-101.
The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) purchases boneless and ground beef for distribution to recipients through federal nutrition assistance programs, including the National School Lunch Program, which represents 93% of the overall volume. Approximately every 2,000 lb (ca. 907 kg) of boneless beef and 10,000 lb (ca. 4,535 kg) of ground beef are designated a "lot" and tested for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, standard plate count organisms (SPCs), E. coli, and coliforms. Any lot of beef positive for E. coli O157:H7 or for Salmonella, or any beef with concentrations of organisms exceeding critical limits for SPCs (100,000 CFU g(-1)), E. coli (500 CFU g(-1)), or coliforms (1,000 CFU g(-1)) is rejected for purchase by AMS and must be diverted from federal nutrition assistance programs. From July 2011 through June 2014, 537,478,212 lb (ca. 243,795,996 kg) of boneless beef and 428,130,984 lb (ca. 194,196,932 kg) of ground beef were produced for federal nutrition assistance programs. Of the 230,359 boneless beef samples collected over this period, 82 (0.04%) were positive for E. coli O157:H7, 924 (0.40%) were positive for Salmonella, 222 (0.10%) exceeded the critical limit for SPCs, 69 (0.03%) exceeded the critical limit for E. coli, and 123 (0.05%) exceeded the critical limit for coliforms. Of the 46,527 ground beef samples collected over this period, 30 (0.06%) were positive for E. coli O157:H7, 360 (0.77%) were positive for Salmonella, 20 (0.04%) exceeded the critical limit for SPCs, 22 (0.05%) exceeded the critical limit for E. coli, and 17 (0.04%) exceeded the critical limit for coliforms. Cumulatively, these data suggest beef produced for the AMS National School Lunch Program is done so under an adequate food safety system, as indicated by the low percentage of lots that were pathogen positive or exceeded critical limits for indicator organisms.
美国农业市场服务局（AMS）采购去骨牛肉和绞碎牛肉，通过联邦营养援助计划分发给受助者，其中包括全国学校午餐计划，该计划占总量的93%。大约每2000磅（约907千克）去骨牛肉和10000磅（约4535千克）绞碎牛肉被定为一个“批次”，并对其进行大肠杆菌O157:H7、沙门氏菌、标准平板计数菌（SPC）、大肠杆菌和大肠菌群检测。任何一批牛肉如果大肠杆菌O157:H7或沙门氏菌检测呈阳性，或者任何牛肉中这些菌的浓度超过SPC（100,000 CFU g⁻¹）、大肠杆菌（500 CFU g⁻¹）或大肠菌群（1,000 CFU g⁻¹）的临界限值，AMS将拒绝采购，且必须从联邦营养援助计划中转移。从2011年7月到2014年6月，为联邦营养援助计划生产了537,478,212磅（约243,795,996千克）去骨牛肉和428,130,984磅（约194,196,932千克）绞碎牛肉。在此期间收集的230,359份去骨牛肉样本中，82份（0.04%）大肠杆菌O157:H7检测呈阳性，924份（0.40%）沙门氏菌检测呈阳性，222份（0.10%）超过SPC临界限值，69份（0.03%）超过大肠杆菌临界限值，123份（0.05%）超过大肠菌群临界限值。在此期间收集的46,527份绞碎牛肉样本中，30份（0.06%）大肠杆菌O157:H7检测呈阳性，360份（0.77%）沙门氏菌检测呈阳性，20份（0.04%）超过SPC临界限值，22份（0.05%）超过大肠杆菌临界限值，17份（0.04%）超过大肠菌群临界限值。总体而言，这些数据表明，为AMS全国学校午餐计划生产的牛肉是在一个适当的食品安全体系下进行的，这从病原体阳性或超过指示菌临界限值的批次比例较低可以看出。
