Jiang Yaqiu, Guo Xiujuan, Sun Qiuyan, Shan Zhongyan, Teng Weiping
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 Apr;170(2):382-9. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0479-0. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
Exposure to high levels of iodide in Cangzhou, Shandong Province, China has been associated with increased incidence of thyroid disease; however, whether fluoride can affect the thyroid remains controversial. To investigate the effects of excess fluoride, we evaluated thyroid gland structure and function in rats exposed to fluoride and iodide, either alone or in combination. Five-week-old Wistar rats (n = 160 total) were randomly divided into eight groups: three groups that were given excess fluoride (15, 30, or 60 ppm F); one group given excess iodide (1200 μg/L I); three groups given excess iodide plus fluoride (1200 μg/L I plus 15, 30, or 60 ppm F); and one control group. The serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones TT3 and TT4 on day 150 were significantly reduced for certain fluoride groups; however, no significant differences were observed in concentrations for the pituitary hormone TSH among any groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that iodide causes an increase in the areas of the colloid lumens and a decrease in the diameters of epithelial cells and nuclei; however, fluoride causes an increase in nuclear diameters. The damage to follicular epithelial cells upon fluoride or iodide treatment was easily observed by transmission electron microscopy, but the effects were most dramatic upon treatment with both fluoride and iodide. These results suggest that iodide causes the most damage but that fluoride can promote specific changes in the function and morphology of the thyroid, either alone or in combination with iodide.
在中国山东省沧州市，接触高剂量碘化物与甲状腺疾病发病率增加有关；然而，氟化物是否会影响甲状腺仍存在争议。为了研究过量氟化物的影响，我们评估了单独或联合接触氟化物和碘化物的大鼠的甲状腺结构和功能。将5周龄的Wistar大鼠（共160只）随机分为八组：三组给予过量氟化物（15、30或60 ppm F）；一组给予过量碘化物（1200 μg/L I）；三组给予过量碘化物加氟化物（1200 μg/L I加15、30或60 ppm F）；以及一组对照组。在第150天时，某些氟化物组的血清甲状腺激素TT3和TT4浓度显著降低；然而，各组之间垂体激素TSH的浓度未观察到显著差异。苏木精-伊红染色显示，碘化物导致胶质腔面积增加，上皮细胞和细胞核直径减小；然而，氟化物导致细胞核直径增加。通过透射电子显微镜很容易观察到氟化物或碘化物处理对滤泡上皮细胞的损伤，但氟化物和碘化物联合处理时效果最为显著。这些结果表明，碘化物造成的损害最大，但氟化物单独或与碘化物联合使用时，可促进甲状腺功能和形态的特定变化。
