学龄前儿童适应性喜好调查（PALS）：一种评估学龄前儿童饮食质量的简短且有效的方法。

Preschool-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS): A Brief and Valid Method To Assess Dietary Quality of Preschoolers.

作者信息

Sharafi Mastaneh, Peracchio Heather, Scarmo Stephanie, Huedo-Medina Tania B, Mayne Susan T, Cartmel Brenda, Duffy Valerie B

机构信息

1 Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT.

2 Department of Extension, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT.

出版信息

Child Obes. 2015 Oct;11(5):530-40. doi: 10.1089/chi.2015.0037. Epub 2015 Aug 31.

DOI:10.1089/chi.2015.0037

PMID:26322657

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Feasible, valid, and reliable tools are needed to assess dietary quality among preschoolers. We aimed to test construct-/criterion-related validity and reliability of a dietary quality index generated from a liking survey and novel dietary patterns for characterizing food hedonism and parental feeding practices.

METHODS

Participants included 416 economically disadvantaged, diverse preschoolers (41% overweight/obese) from educational centers and their parents. Parents completed liking and frequency surveys; the liking survey took half as long to complete. Preschoolers' skin carotenoid status (measured by Resonance Raman spectroscopy) and BMI percentile (measured weight/height) were assessed. The Healthy Eating Preference Index (HEPI) was constructed from weighted averages of liking scores for food groups and healthy variety score and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI) from nutrient analysis of the frequency survey.

RESULTS

The HEPI was normally distributed and showed construct validity and adequate internal reliability. In hierarchical regression analyses, the HEPI explained carotenoid status and adiposity as alternative or value-added predictors to HEI, supporting criterion-related validity of HEPI. Parental reporting of children's liking of high-fat/sweet/salty foods in excess of pleasurable activities (food hedonism) predicted heavier preschoolers, as did discord between HEI and HEPI (potential parental pressure toward healthy eating). HEPI alone or with HEI explained variability in carotenoid status and adiposity in path models with adequate to good fits.

CONCLUSIONS

With simple collection and processing, the liking survey can generate a valid/reliable dietary quality index in child care settings to identify preschoolers at risk for lower nutritional status. Using liking and frequency-based screeners could improve understanding of parental feeding behaviors and precision of predicting nutritional status.

摘要

背景

需要可行、有效且可靠的工具来评估学龄前儿童的饮食质量。我们旨在测试从喜好调查生成的饮食质量指数以及用于表征食物享乐主义和父母喂养行为的新型饮食模式的结构效度/标准关联效度和可靠性。

方法

参与者包括来自教育中心的416名经济条件不利、背景多样的学龄前儿童（41%超重/肥胖）及其父母。父母完成了喜好和频率调查；完成喜好调查所需时间仅为后者的一半。评估了学龄前儿童的皮肤类胡萝卜素状态（通过共振拉曼光谱法测量）和BMI百分位数（测量体重/身高）。健康饮食偏好指数（HEPI）由食物组喜好分数的加权平均值和健康多样性分数构建而成，健康饮食指数2010（HEI）则通过频率调查的营养分析得出。

结果

HEPI呈正态分布，显示出结构效度和足够的内部可靠性。在分层回归分析中，HEPI将类胡萝卜素状态和肥胖作为HEI的替代或增值预测指标进行了解释，支持了HEPI的标准关联效度。父母报告孩子对高脂肪/高糖/高盐食物的喜好超过愉悦活动（食物享乐主义）预示着学龄前儿童更重，HEI和HEPI之间的不一致（父母对健康饮食的潜在压力）也是如此。单独使用HEPI或与HEI一起在拟合度足够好的路径模型中解释了类胡萝卜素状态和肥胖的变异性。