School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia.
School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Advanced Materials Transformational Capability Platform-Nanosafety, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Dec 30;300:788-795. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.012. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enter terrestrial systems as sulfidised AgNPs (Ag2S-NPs) through the application of biosolids to soil. However, the bioavailability of Ag2S-NPs in soils is unknown. The two aims of this study were to investigate (1) the bioavailability of Ag to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) using a soil amended with biosolids containing Ag2S-NPs and (2) the effect of commonly used agricultural fertilisers/amendments on the bioavailability of Ag, AgNPs and Ag2S-NPs to lettuce. The study used realistic AgNP exposure pathways and exposure concentrations. The plant uptake of Ag from biosolids-amended soil containing Ag2S-NPs was very low for all Ag treatments (0.02%). Ammonium thiosulfate and potassium chloride fertilisation significantly increased the Ag concentrations of plant roots and shoots. The extent of the effect varied depending on the type of Ag. Ag2S-NPs, the realistic form of AgNPs in soil, had the lowest bioavailability. The potential risk of AgNPs in soils is low; even in the plants that had the highest Ag concentrations (Ag(+)+thiosulfate), only 0.06% of added Ag was found in edible plant parts (shoots). Results from the study suggest that agricultural practises must be considered when carrying out risk assessments of AgNPs in terrestrial systems; such practises can affect AgNP bioavailability.
银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）可以通过将生物固体应用于土壤而作为硫化银纳米颗粒（Ag2S-NPs）进入陆地系统。然而，土壤中 Ag2S-NPs 的生物可利用性尚不清楚。本研究的两个目的是调查（1）使用含有 Ag2S-NPs 的生物固体改良的土壤中生菜（Lactuca sativa）对 Ag 的生物利用度，以及（2）常用农业肥料/改良剂对生菜中 Ag、AgNPs 和 Ag2S-NPs 生物利用度的影响。该研究使用了现实的 AgNP 暴露途径和暴露浓度。从含有 Ag2S-NPs 的生物固体改良土壤中摄取的 Ag 量非常低（所有 Ag 处理的 0.02%）。硫代硫酸铵和氯化钾施肥显著增加了植物根系和地上部分的 Ag 浓度。影响的程度取决于 Ag 的类型而有所不同。Ag2S-NPs 是土壤中 AgNPs 的实际形式，其生物可利用性最低。土壤中 AgNPs 的潜在风险较低；即使在 Ag 浓度最高的植物（Ag(+)+硫代硫酸盐）中，仅在可食用植物部分（地上部分）中发现添加的 Ag 的 0.06%。研究结果表明，在进行陆地系统中 AgNPs 的风险评估时，必须考虑农业实践；这种实践会影响 AgNP 的生物可利用性。
