Rogers Katherine H, Biesanz Jeremy C
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2015 Dec;109(6):1105-16. doi: 10.1037/a0039587. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
There are strong differences between individuals in the tendency to view the personality of others as similar to the average person. That is, some people tend to form more normatively accurate impressions than do others. However, the process behind the formation of normatively accurate first impressions is not yet fully understood. Given that the average individual's personality is highly socially desirable (Borkenau & Zaltauskas, 2009; Wood, Gosling & Potter, 2007), individuals may achieve high normative accuracy by viewing others as similar to the average person or by viewing them in an overly socially desirable manner. The average self-reported personality profile and social desirability, despite being strongly correlated, independently and strongly predict first impressions. Further, some individuals have a more accurate understanding of the average individual's personality than do others. Perceivers with more accurate knowledge about the average individual's personality rated the personality of specific others more normatively accurately (more similar to the average person), suggesting that individual differences in normative judgments include a component of accurate knowledge regarding the average personality. In contrast, perceivers who explicitly evaluated others more positively formed more socially desirable impressions, but not more normatively accurate impressions.
在将他人性格视为与普通人相似的倾向上，个体之间存在很大差异。也就是说，有些人比其他人更容易形成更符合规范的准确印象。然而，形成符合规范的准确第一印象背后的过程尚未完全被理解。鉴于普通人的性格在社会上非常受欢迎（博尔科瑙和扎尔陶斯卡斯，2009年；伍德、戈斯林和波特，2007年），个体可能通过将他人视为与普通人相似或以过度符合社会期望的方式看待他们来实现较高的规范准确性。自我报告的平均性格特征和社会期望，尽管密切相关，但能独立且强烈地预测第一印象。此外，一些人比其他人对普通人的性格有更准确的理解。对普通人性格有更准确了解的感知者对特定他人性格的评价在规范上更准确（更接近普通人），这表明规范判断中的个体差异包括对平均性格的准确了解这一成分。相比之下，明确对他人评价更积极的感知者形成的印象更符合社会期望，但在规范上并不更准确。
