Lodder Gerine M A, Scholte Ron H J, Cillessen Antonius H N, Giletta Matteo
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Praktikon, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Youth Adolesc. 2016 Jan;45(1):132-44. doi: 10.1007/s10964-015-0343-8. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Adolescents tend to form friendships with similar peers and, in turn, their friends further influence adolescents' behaviors and attitudes. Emerging work has shown that these selection and influence processes also might extend to bully victimization. However, no prior work has examined selection and influence effects involved in bully victimization within cliques, despite theoretical account emphasizing the importance of cliques in this regard. This study examined selection and influence processes in adolescence regarding bully victimization both at the level of the entire friendship network and the level of cliques. We used a two-wave design (5-month interval). Participants were 543 adolescents (50.1% male, Mage = 15.8) in secondary education. Stochastic actor-based models indicated that at the level of the larger friendship network, adolescents tended to select friends with similar levels of bully victimization as they themselves. In addition, adolescent friends influenced each other in terms of bully victimization over time. Actor Parter Interdependence models showed that similarities in bully victimization between clique members were not due to selection of clique members. For boys, average clique bully victimization predicted individual bully victimization over time (influence), but not vice versa. No influence was found for girls, indicating that different mechanisms may underlie friend influence on bully victimization for girls and boys. The differences in results at the level of the larger friendship network versus the clique emphasize the importance of taking the type of friendship ties into account in research on selection and influence processes involved in bully victimization.
青少年倾向于与相似的同龄人建立友谊，反过来，他们的朋友会进一步影响青少年的行为和态度。新出现的研究表明，这些选择和影响过程也可能延伸到欺凌受害情况。然而，尽管有理论观点强调小团体在这方面的重要性，但此前尚无研究考察小团体内部欺凌受害情况中的选择和影响效应。本研究考察了青少年在整个友谊网络层面和小团体层面上关于欺凌受害情况的选择和影响过程。我们采用了两波设计（间隔5个月）。参与者是543名接受中等教育的青少年（50.1%为男性，平均年龄15.8岁）。基于随机行为者的模型表明，在较大的友谊网络层面，青少年倾向于选择与自己欺凌受害水平相似的朋友。此外，随着时间的推移，青少年朋友在欺凌受害方面会相互影响。行为者-伙伴相互依赖模型表明，小团体成员之间在欺凌受害方面的相似性并非由于小团体成员的选择。对于男孩来说，小团体的平均欺凌受害情况可预测个体随时间的欺凌受害情况（影响），但反之则不然。未发现女孩存在这种影响，这表明女孩和男孩在朋友对欺凌受害的影响方面可能存在不同的潜在机制。在较大的友谊网络层面和小团体层面的结果差异强调了在研究欺凌受害情况中的选择和影响过程时考虑友谊关系类型的重要性。
