Otto Ulrich, Brettenhofer Marlene, Tarnutzer Silvan
1 Careum Forschung, Forschungsinstitut der Kalaidos FH Gesundheit, Zürich.
Ther Umsch. 2015 Sep;72(9):567-75. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000720.
Telemedicine aims to create new forms of health care delivery by the use of information and communication technologies (ICT),for example, to improve the access to health care for patients in rural regions. There is a need for assistive technologies and innovative technological solutions due to the demographic change. Population trends of western societies show concurrently an ageing population and the wish of elderly people to live at home as long as possible while there is a tendency that older people live in greater distances to their kin nowadays. More complex diseases and multimorbidity urge improved interconnectedness between different health care professionals. Hence, different health systems pursue e-health strategies with the aim to implement electronic patient records (EPR) and similar technological solutions as a first approach to tackle those challenges. Telemedicine represents an open and evolving concept which is subject to a regular process of further development as a consequence of accelerated technological progress. The increased articulated demand for patient centered health care is one driver for the use of telemedicine. In the context of the trend of shorter hospital stays technological solutions can provide an opportunity for better support and care at home to reduce health risks and improve caregiving quality after hospital discharges. Despite the still prevalent reservations of elderly people about the use of ICT research shows that acceptance and the willingness to use technical devices is increasing. The article describes different aspects of telemedicine in the context of the aging population: definitions, an overview of trends and various fields of use with specific practical examples. A synoptic view of research results of evaluations of telemedicine applications regarding their effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis complement the paper.
远程医疗旨在通过使用信息和通信技术（ICT）创造新的医疗服务形式，例如，改善农村地区患者获得医疗服务的机会。由于人口结构变化，需要辅助技术和创新技术解决方案。西方社会的人口趋势显示，人口老龄化以及老年人希望尽可能长时间居家生活，而如今老年人与亲属居住距离更远。更复杂的疾病和多种疾病并存促使不同医疗专业人员之间加强互联互通。因此，不同的卫生系统推行电子健康战略，旨在实施电子病历（EPR）及类似技术解决方案，作为应对这些挑战的首要措施。远程医疗是一个开放且不断发展的概念，由于技术进步加速，它会经历持续的进一步发展过程。对以患者为中心的医疗保健日益明确的需求是使用远程医疗的一个驱动因素。在住院时间缩短的趋势背景下，技术解决方案可为居家提供更好的支持和护理创造机会，以降低健康风险并提高出院后的护理质量。尽管老年人对使用ICT仍普遍持保留态度，但研究表明他们对技术设备的接受度和使用意愿正在提高。本文在人口老龄化背景下描述了远程医疗的不同方面：定义、趋势概述、各个应用领域及具体实例。对远程医疗应用评估的研究结果及其有效性和成本效益分析的综述补充了本文内容。
