Kelly Kimberly Reynolds
a Department of Human Development , California State University , Long Beach , USA.
Attach Hum Dev. 2015;17(5):448-71. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1076011. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
The internal working model of attachment has been assessed through attachment interviews and story-stems that exhibit differentiated patterns in adult and child narratives. This study examined variation in length and structure of children's independent personal narratives by attachment representations, discriminating between insecure-avoidant and insecure-ambivalent, and we tested attachment insecurity as a predictor of developmental delay in narrative discourse. Sixty-five preschool-age children completed the Attachment Story Completion Task-Revised and recalled three recent past events. Secure children told longer personal narratives than both avoidant and ambivalent children, and secure children's narrative structure was more coherent than that of ambivalent children but not avoidant children. Likewise, the two insecure categories differentially predicted delayed discourse. Ambivalent children were 10 times more likely to exhibit delayed discourse than secure children, whereas avoidant children were not at significantly greater risk. Differential developmental outcomes of avoidant and ambivalent children are discussed and conclusions are drawn about the role of child attachment in storing, accessing and communicating memories about everyday lived experiences.
依恋的内部工作模型已通过依恋访谈和故事脚本进行评估，这些访谈和脚本在成人和儿童叙述中呈现出不同的模式。本研究通过依恋表征考察了儿童独立个人叙述的长度和结构差异，区分了不安全回避型和不安全矛盾型，并测试了依恋不安全感作为叙述话语发展延迟预测指标的情况。65名学龄前儿童完成了修订后的依恋故事完成任务，并回忆了三件近期发生的往事。安全型儿童讲述的个人叙述比回避型和矛盾型儿童更长，且安全型儿童的叙述结构比矛盾型儿童更连贯，但比回避型儿童并非如此。同样，这两种不安全类型对话语延迟的预测也存在差异。矛盾型儿童出现话语延迟的可能性是安全型儿童的10倍，而回避型儿童面临的风险并未显著增加。本文讨论了回避型和矛盾型儿童不同的发展结果，并就儿童依恋在存储、获取和传达日常生活经历记忆中的作用得出了结论。
