Coulibaly Souleymane, Minami Hiroki, Abe Maho, Hasei Tomohiro, Sera Nobuyuki, Yamamoto Shigekazu, Funasaka Kunihiro, Asakawa Daichi, Watanabe Masanari, Honda Naoko, Wakabayashi Keiji, Watanabe Tetsushi
Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2015;38(9):1395-403. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00443.
To clarify the seasonal fluctuations in air pollution and the effect of long-range transport, we collected airborne particles (n=118) at Dazaifu in Fukuoka, Japan, from June 2012 to May 2013 and measured Pb and SO4(2-), which are indicators of the long-range transport of anthropogenic air pollutants, as well as their mutagenicity, and other factors. The levels of airborne particles, Pb, and SO4(2-) were very high on March 4, 8, 9, and 19, and May 13, 21, and 22, 2013. The backward trajectories indicated that air masses had arrived from the Gobi Desert and northern China on those days. The mutagenicity of airborne particles was examined using the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium YG1024. Highly mutagenic airborne particles were mostly collected in winter, and most of them showed high activity both with and without S9 mix. High levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in many samples that showed high mutagenicity. For the samples collected on January 30, February 21, and March 4, the levels of Pb, SO4(2-), PAHs, and mutagenicity were high, and the backward trajectories indicated that air masses present on those days had passed through northern or central China. The Japan Meteorological Agency registered Asian dust events at Fukuoka on March 8, 9, and 19, 2013. The results of the present study suggest that high levels of anthropogenic air pollutants were transported with Asian dust. Similarly, long-range transport of air pollutants including mutagens occurred on days when Asian dust events were not registered.
为了阐明空气污染的季节性波动以及长距离传输的影响，我们于2012年6月至2013年5月在日本福冈的太宰府收集了空气颗粒物（n = 118），并测量了铅和硫酸根离子（SO4(2-)），它们是人为空气污染物长距离传输的指标，同时还测量了它们的致突变性以及其他因素。2013年3月4日、8日、9日、19日以及5月13日、21日和22日，空气颗粒物、铅和硫酸根离子（SO4(2-)）的水平非常高。后向轨迹表明，这些日子的气团来自戈壁沙漠和中国北方。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌YG1024的艾姆斯试验检测了空气颗粒物的致突变性。高致突变性的空气颗粒物大多在冬季收集，其中大多数在有和没有S9混合物的情况下都表现出高活性。在许多显示高致突变性的样品中发现了高水平的多环芳烃（PAHs）。对于1月30日、2月21日和3月4日收集的样品，铅、硫酸根离子（SO4(2-)）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和致突变性的水平都很高，后向轨迹表明，那些日子出现的气团经过了中国北方或中部。日本气象厅记录了2013年3月8日、9日和19日福冈发生亚洲沙尘事件。本研究结果表明，高水平的人为空气污染物随亚洲沙尘传输。同样，在未记录亚洲沙尘事件的日子里也发生了包括诱变剂在内的空气污染物的长距离传输。
