Skuk Verena G, Dammann Lea M, Schweinberger Stefan R
DFG Research Unit Person Perception and Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Steiger 3, Haus 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Steiger 3, Haus 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Aug;138(2):1180-93. doi: 10.1121/1.4927696.
Prior adaptation to male (or female) voices causes androgynous voices to be perceived as more female (or male). Using a selective adaptation paradigm the authors investigate the relative impact of the vocal fold vibration rate (F0) and timbre (operationally in this paper as characteristics that differentiate two voices of the same F0 and loudness) on this basic voice gender aftereffect. TANDEM-STRAIGHT was used to morph between 10 pairs of male and female speakers uttering 2 different vowel-consonant-vowel sequences (20 continua). Adaptor stimuli had one parameter (either F0 or timbre) set at a clearly male or female level, while the other parameter was set at an androgynous level, as determined by an independent set of listeners. Compared to a control adaptation condition (in which both F0 and timbre were clearly male or female), aftereffects were clearly reduced in both F0 and timbre adaptation conditions. Critically, larger aftereffects were found after timbre adaptation (comprising androgynous F0) compared to F0 adaptation (comprising an androgynous timbre). Together these results suggest that timbre plays a larger role than F0 in voice gender adaptation. Finally, the authors found some evidence that individual differences among listeners reflect in part pre-experimental contact to male and female voices.
先前对男性（或女性）声音的适应会使兼具两性特征的声音被感知为更具女性（或男性）特质。作者采用选择性适应范式，研究了声带振动频率（F0）和音色（在本文中具体指区分两个具有相同F0和响度的声音的特征）对这种基本的声音性别后效应的相对影响。使用TANDEM - STRAIGHT技术对10对男性和女性说话者发出的2种不同的元音 - 辅音 - 元音序列（共20个连续体）进行变形处理。适应刺激的一个参数（F0或音色）设置在明显的男性或女性水平，而另一个参数设置在兼具两性特征的水平，这是由一组独立的听众确定的。与对照适应条件（其中F0和音色均明显为男性或女性）相比，在F0和音色适应条件下，后效应均明显降低。关键的是，与F0适应（包含兼具两性特征的音色）相比，在音色适应（包含兼具两性特征的F0）后发现了更大的后效应。这些结果共同表明，在声音性别适应中，音色比F0发挥着更大的作用。最后，作者发现了一些证据，表明听众之间的个体差异部分反映了实验前与男性和女性声音的接触情况。
