Sormunen Laura Annika, Rantsi Riina
Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
Suomen Erityisjäte Oy, Espoo, Finland.
Waste Manag Res. 2015 Nov;33(11):995-1004. doi: 10.1177/0734242X15600052. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
For the past decade, the Finnish waste sector has increasingly moved from the landfilling of municipal solid waste towards waste incineration. New challenges are faced with the growing amounts of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash, which are mainly landfilled at the moment. Since this is not a sustainable or a profitable solution, finding different utilisation applications for the municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is crucial. This study reports a comprehensive analysis of bottom ash properties from one waste incineration plant in Finland, which was first treated with a Dutch bottom ash recovery technique called advanced dry recovery. This novel process separates non-ferrous and ferrous metals from bottom ash, generating mineral fractions of different grain sizes (0-2 mm, 2-5 mm, 5-12 mm and 12-50 mm). The main aim of the study was to assess, whether the advanced bottom ash treatment technique, producing mineral fractions of different grain sizes and therefore properties, facilitates the utilisation of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash in Finland. The results were encouraging; the bottom ash mineral fractions have favourable behaviour against the frost action, which is especially useful in the Finnish conditions. In addition, the leaching of most hazardous substances did not restrict the utilisation of bottom ash, especially for the larger fractions (>5 mm). Overall, this study has shown that the advanced bottom ash recovering technique can be one solution to increase the utilisation of bottom ash and furthermore decrease its landfilling in Finland.
在过去十年中，芬兰的垃圾处理行业越来越多地从城市固体废物填埋转向垃圾焚烧。随着城市固体废物焚烧底灰数量的不断增加，面临着新的挑战，目前这些底灰主要进行填埋处理。由于这不是一个可持续或盈利的解决方案，为城市固体废物焚烧底灰找到不同的利用途径至关重要。本研究报告了对芬兰一家垃圾焚烧厂底灰特性的全面分析，该厂首先采用了一种名为先进干法回收的荷兰底灰回收技术进行处理。这一新颖的工艺从底灰中分离出有色金属和黑色金属，产生不同粒径（0 - 2毫米、2 - 5毫米、5 - 12毫米和12 - 50毫米）的矿物组分。该研究的主要目的是评估这种先进的底灰处理技术，通过生产不同粒径及相应特性的矿物组分，是否有助于芬兰城市固体废物焚烧底灰的利用。结果令人鼓舞；底灰矿物组分对冻融作用具有良好的抗性，这在芬兰的环境条件下尤为有用。此外，大多数有害物质的浸出并不限制底灰的利用，特别是对于较大粒径（>5毫米）的组分。总体而言，本研究表明，先进的底灰回收技术可以成为提高芬兰底灰利用率并进而减少其填埋量的一种解决方案。
