Department of Pediatric Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; email:
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Med. 2016;67:375-85. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-061014-094943. Epub 2015 Aug 26.
Peanut allergy is a common disease and the cause of severe, life-threatening allergic reactions and death. It is rarely outgrown; most pediatric patients carry the disease into adulthood. Peanut allergy poses a significant burden on the quality of life of sufferers and their families, which results mainly from the fear of accidental peanut ingestion but is also due to dietary and social restrictions. Current standard management involves avoidance advice, patient education, and provision of emergency rescue medication. Immunotherapy, commonly used to treat other allergic diseases, has shown promise as a disease-modifying therapy for peanut allergy. Results from studies of oral immunotherapy show high efficacy rates, improvement in quality of life, and a good safety profile. Treatment may result in sustained unresponsiveness in a proportion of patients, whereas others require ongoing treatment.
花生过敏是一种常见疾病，可导致严重的、危及生命的过敏反应和死亡。它很少能自行消退；大多数儿科患者会将疾病带入成年期。花生过敏给患者及其家庭的生活质量带来了重大负担，主要原因是担心意外摄入花生，但也与饮食和社会限制有关。目前的标准管理包括避免建议、患者教育和提供紧急救援药物。免疫疗法常用于治疗其他过敏性疾病，已显示出作为一种改变疾病进程的疗法治疗花生过敏的潜力。口服免疫疗法的研究结果显示出高疗效、生活质量改善和良好的安全性。治疗可能导致一部分患者持续无反应，而其他患者则需要持续治疗。
