Wu Hao, Zhang Yi
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2015 Sep;22(9):656-61. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3071.
DNA cytosine methylation is a key epigenetic mark that is required for normal mammalian development. Iterative oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by the TET family of DNA dioxygenases generates three oxidized nucleotides: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Recent advances in genomic mapping techniques have suggested that these oxidized cytosines not only function in the process of active reversal of 5mC but also may possess unique regulatory functions in the mammalian genome.
DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是正常哺乳动物发育所必需的关键表观遗传标记。DNA双加氧酶TET家族对5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)进行迭代氧化可产生三种氧化核苷酸:5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。基因组图谱技术的最新进展表明,这些氧化胞嘧啶不仅在5mC的主动逆转过程中发挥作用,而且可能在哺乳动物基因组中具有独特的调控功能。