Gaudio Daniel, Olivieri Lara, De Angelis Danilo, Poppa Pasquale, Galassi Andrea, Cattaneo Cristina
Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milano, Italy.
UOS di medicina Legale, ULSS 6, viale Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
J Forensic Sci. 2016 Jan;61(1):5-11. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12856. Epub 2015 Sep 3.
Craniofacial superimposition is a technique potentially useful for the identification of unidentified human remains if a photo of the missing person is available. We have tested the reliability of the 2D-3D computer-aided nonautomatic superimposition techniques. Three-dimension laser scans of five skulls and ten photographs were overlaid with an imaging software. The resulting superimpositions were evaluated using three methods: craniofacial landmarks, morphological features, and a combination of the two. A 3D model of each skull without its mandible was tested for superimposition; we also evaluated whether separating skulls by sex would increase correct identifications. Results show that the landmark method employing the entire skull is the more reliable one (5/5 correct identifications, 40% false positives [FP]), regardless of sex. However, the persistence of a high percentage of FP in all the methods evaluated indicates that these methods are unreliable for positive identification although the landmark-only method could be useful for exclusion.
颅面叠加是一种技术，如果有失踪人员的照片，它可能有助于识别身份不明的人类遗骸。我们测试了二维-三维计算机辅助非自动叠加技术的可靠性。使用成像软件将五个颅骨的三维激光扫描图像与十张照片进行叠加。使用三种方法对所得的叠加结果进行评估：颅面标志点、形态特征以及两者的组合。对每个没有下颌骨的颅骨三维模型进行叠加测试；我们还评估了按性别区分颅骨是否会增加正确识别的几率。结果表明，无论性别如何，采用整个颅骨的标志点方法更为可靠（5次识别全部正确，假阳性率为40%）。然而，在所有评估方法中，高比例的假阳性情况持续存在，这表明这些方法对于肯定性识别并不可靠，尽管仅使用标志点的方法可能有助于排除。
