Healy Sean S, Stephan Carl N
Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
J Imaging. 2024 Jan 7;10(1):17. doi: 10.3390/jimaging10010017.
When an unidentified skeleton is discovered, a video superimposition (VS) of the skull and a facial photograph may be undertaken to assist identification. In the first instance, the method is fundamentally a photographic one, requiring the overlay of two 2D photographic images at transparency for comparison. Presently, mathematical and anatomical techniques used to compare skull/face anatomy dominate superimposition discussions, however, little attention has been paid to the equally fundamental photographic prerequisites that underpin these methods. This predisposes error, as the optical parameters of the two comparison photographs are (presently) rarely matched prior to, or for, comparison. In this paper, we: (1) review the basic but critical photographic prerequisites that apply to VS; (2) propose a replacement for the current anatomy-centric searches for the correct 'skull pose' with a photographic-centric camera vantage point search; and (3) demarcate superimposition as a clear two-stage phased procedure that depends first on photographic parameter matching, as a prerequisite to undertaking any anatomical comparison(s).
当发现一具身份不明的骨骼时，可以进行头骨与面部照片的视频叠加（VS）以协助身份识别。首先，该方法从根本上来说是一种摄影方法，需要将两张二维照片以透明形式叠加进行比较。目前，用于比较头骨/面部解剖结构的数学和解剖学技术主导着叠加讨论，然而，对于支撑这些方法的同样基本的摄影先决条件却很少有人关注。这就容易产生误差，因为两张用于比较的照片的光学参数（目前）在比较之前或进行比较时很少匹配。在本文中，我们：（1）回顾适用于视频叠加的基本但关键的摄影先决条件；（2）提出用一种以摄影为中心的相机视角搜索来取代当前以解剖学为中心寻找正确“头骨姿势”的方法；（3）将叠加明确划分为一个清晰的两阶段程序，该程序首先依赖于摄影参数匹配，这是进行任何解剖学比较的先决条件。
