Pawluk Dianne T V, Adams Richard J, Kitada Ryo
IEEE Trans Haptics. 2015 Jul-Sep;8(3):258-78. doi: 10.1109/TOH.2015.2471300. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
This paper considers issues relevant for the design and use of haptic technology for assistive devices for individuals who are blind or visually impaired in some of the major areas of importance: Braille reading, tactile graphics, orientation and mobility. We show that there is a wealth of behavioral research that is highly applicable to assistive technology design. In a few cases, conclusions from behavioral experiments have been directly applied to design with positive results. Differences in brain organization and performance capabilities between individuals who are "early blind" and "late blind" from using the same tactile/haptic accommodations, such as the use of Braille, suggest the importance of training and assessing these groups individually. Practical restrictions on device design, such as performance limitations of the technology and cost, raise questions as to which aspects of these restrictions are truly important to overcome to achieve high performance. In general, this raises the question of what it means to provide functional equivalence as opposed to sensory equivalence.
本文探讨了与触觉技术的设计和使用相关的问题，这些触觉技术用于为盲人或视力受损者设计的辅助设备，涉及一些重要的主要领域：盲文阅读、触觉图形、定向与移动。我们表明，有大量行为研究对辅助技术设计具有高度适用性。在少数情况下，行为实验的结论已直接应用于设计，并取得了积极成果。“早盲”和“晚盲”个体在使用相同触觉/触觉辅助工具（如盲文）时，大脑组织和性能能力存在差异，这表明分别对这些群体进行训练和评估的重要性。设备设计的实际限制，如技术性能限制和成本，引发了关于为实现高性能而真正需要克服哪些限制方面的问题。总体而言，这引发了一个问题，即提供功能等效而非感官等效意味着什么。
