Ali Abbas, Wang Yan-Hong, Khan Ikhlas A
National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677.
National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677. Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia.
J Med Entomol. 2015 Sep;52(5):979-86. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv072. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
Essential oils and extract of Curcuma longa, ar-turmerone, and curcuminoids were evaluated for their larvicidal and deterrent activity against mosquitoes. Ar-turmerone and curcuminoids constituted 36.9, 24.9 and 50.6% of rhizome oil, leaf oil, and rhizome extract, respectively. Ar-turmerone was the major compound of the rhizome oil (36.9%) and leaf oil (24.9%). The ethanolic extract had 15.4% ar-turmerone with 6.6% bisdesmethoxycurcumin, 6.1% desmethoxycurcumin, and 22.6% curcumin. In in vitro studies, essential oils of the leaf (biting deterrence index [BDI] = 0.98), rhizome (BDI = 0.98), and rhizome ethanolic extract (BDI = 0.96) at 10 µg/cm(2) showed biting deterrent activity similar to DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) against Aedes aegypti L. Among the pure compounds, ar-turmerone (BDI = 1.15) showed the biting deterrent activity higher than DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) whereas the activity of other compounds was lower than DEET. In Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, only ar-turmerone showed deterrent activity similar to DEET. In dose-response bioassay, ar-turmerone showed significantly higher biting deterrence than DEET at all the dosages. Ar-turmerone, at 15 nmol/cm(2), showed activity similar to DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) and activity at 5 nmol/cm(2) was similar to DEET at 20 and 15 nmol/cm(2). Leaf essential oil with LC(50) values of 1.8 and 8.9 ppm against larvae of An. quadrimaculatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively, showed highest toxicity followed by rhizome oil and ethanolic extract. Among the pure compounds, ar-turmerone with LC(50) values of 2.8 and 2.5 ppm against larvae of An. quadrimaculatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively, was most toxic followed by bisdesmethoxycurcumin, curcumin, and desmethoxycurcumin.
对姜黄的精油、提取物、莪术酮和姜黄素类化合物进行了评估，以检测它们对蚊子的杀幼虫活性和驱避活性。莪术酮和姜黄素类化合物分别占根茎油、叶油和根茎提取物的36.9%、24.9%和50.6%。莪术酮是根茎油（36.9%）和叶油（24.9%）的主要成分。乙醇提取物中含有15.4%的莪术酮，以及6.6%的双去甲氧基姜黄素、6.1%的去甲氧基姜黄素和22.6%的姜黄素。在体外研究中，叶精油（叮咬驱避指数[BDI]=0.98）、根茎精油（BDI=0.98）和根茎乙醇提取物（BDI=0.96）在10μg/cm²时对埃及伊蚊显示出与25nmol/cm²的避蚊胺相似的叮咬驱避活性。在纯化合物中，莪术酮（BDI=1.15）显示出高于25nmol/cm²避蚊胺的叮咬驱避活性，而其他化合物低于避蚊胺。在四斑按蚊中，只有莪术酮显示出与避蚊胺相似的驱避活性。在剂量反应生物测定中，莪术酮在所有剂量下均显示出显著高于避蚊胺的叮咬驱避作用。莪术酮在15nmol/cm²时的活性与25nmol/cm²的避蚊胺相似，在5nmol/cm²时的活性与20和15nmol/cm²的避蚊胺相似。叶精油对四斑按蚊幼虫和埃及伊蚊幼虫的LC50值分别为1.8和8.9ppm，显示出最高的毒性，其次是根茎油和乙醇提取物。在纯化合物中，莪术酮对四斑按蚊幼虫和埃及伊蚊幼虫的LC50值分别为2.8和2.5ppm，毒性最高，其次是双去甲氧基姜黄素、姜黄素和去甲氧基姜黄素。
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