Ghorbani Ahmad, Naderi-Meshkin Hojjat
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;11(1):19-34. doi: 10.2174/1574888x10666150904113625.
Throughout life, different types of stem cells participate in tissue generation, maintenance, plasticity, and repair. Their abilities to secrete growth factors, to proliferate and differentiate into several cell lineages, and to migrate and home into the damaged tissues have made them attractive candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications. Normal stem cell function is tied to the cell-intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic signals derived from the surrounding microenvironment or circulation. Understanding the regulatory signals that govern stem cell functions is essential in order to have full knowledge about organogenesis, tissue maintenance and tissue plasticity in the physiological condition. It is also important for optimizing tissue engineering and improving the therapeutic efficiency of stem cells in regenerative medicine. A growing body of evidence indicates that hormonal signals can critically influence stem cell functions in fetal, postnatal, and adult tissues. This review focuses on recent studies revealing how growth hormone, insulin, thyroid hormone, parathormone, adrenocorticotropin, glucocorticoids, erythropoietin, and gastrointestinal hormones control stem cell behavior through influencing survival, proliferation, migration, homing, and differentiation of these cells. Moreover, how environmental factors such as exercise, hypoxia, and nutrition might affect stem cell functions through influencing the endocrine system is discussed. Some of the current limitations of cell therapy and how hormones can help overcoming these limitations are briefly outlined.
在整个生命过程中，不同类型的干细胞参与组织的生成、维持、可塑性和修复。它们分泌生长因子、增殖并分化为多种细胞谱系，以及迁移并归巢至受损组织的能力，使其成为细胞治疗和组织工程应用中颇具吸引力的候选者。正常干细胞功能与细胞内在机制以及源自周围微环境或循环的外在信号相关。了解调控干细胞功能的信号对于全面认识生理状态下的器官发生、组织维持和组织可塑性至关重要。这对于优化组织工程以及提高干细胞在再生医学中的治疗效率也很重要。越来越多的证据表明，激素信号可严重影响胎儿、出生后及成体组织中的干细胞功能。本综述聚焦于近期的研究，这些研究揭示了生长激素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素、甲状旁腺激素、促肾上腺皮质激素、糖皮质激素、促红细胞生成素和胃肠激素如何通过影响这些细胞的存活、增殖、迁移、归巢和分化来控制干细胞行为。此外，还讨论了运动、缺氧和营养等环境因素如何通过影响内分泌系统来影响干细胞功能。简要概述了细胞治疗当前的一些局限性以及激素如何有助于克服这些局限性。
