Jovanović Boris, Cvetković Vladimir J, Mitrović Tatjana Lj
Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU, Munich, Germany.
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Chemosphere. 2016 Feb;144:43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.054. Epub 2015 Sep 5.
The fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster was exposed to the human food grade of E171 titanium dioxide (TiO2). This is a special grade of TiO2 which is frequently omitted in nanotoxicology studies dealing with TiO2, yet it is the most relevant grade regarding oral exposure of humans. D. melanogaster larvae were exposed to 0.002 mg mL(-1), 0.02 mg mL(-1), 0.2 mg mL(-1), and 2 mg mL(-1) of TiO2 in feeding medium, and the survival, fecundity, pupation time, and expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response were monitored. TiO2 did not affect survival but significantly increased time to pupation (p < 0.001). Fecundity of D. melanogaster was unaffected by the treatment. Expression of the gene for catalase was markedly downregulated by the treatment, while the effect on the downregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 was less pronounced. After four days of dietary exposure TiO2 was present in a significant amount in larvae, but was not transferred to adults during metamorphosis. Two individuals with aberrant phenotype similar to previously described gold nanoparticles induced mutant phenotypes were detected in the group exposed to TiO2. In general, TiO2 showed little toxicity toward D. melanogaster at concentrations relevant to oral exposure of humans.
将果蝇黑腹果蝇暴露于食品级的E171二氧化钛（TiO₂）中。这是一种特殊等级的TiO₂，在有关TiO₂的纳米毒理学研究中经常被忽略，但它是与人类经口暴露最相关的等级。将黑腹果蝇幼虫在饲养培养基中暴露于0.002 mg mL⁻¹、0.02 mg mL⁻¹、0.2 mg mL⁻¹和2 mg mL⁻¹的TiO₂中，并监测其存活率、繁殖力、化蛹时间以及参与氧化应激反应的基因表达。TiO₂不影响存活率，但显著延长了化蛹时间（p < 0.001）。黑腹果蝇的繁殖力不受该处理的影响。过氧化氢酶基因的表达因该处理而明显下调，而对超氧化物歧化酶2下调的影响则不太明显。经过四天的饮食暴露后，TiO₂在幼虫中大量存在，但在变态过程中未转移至成虫。在暴露于TiO₂的组中检测到两个具有异常表型的个体，类似于先前描述为金纳米颗粒诱导的突变表型。总体而言，在与人类经口暴露相关的浓度下，TiO₂对黑腹果蝇几乎没有毒性。
