Fernández Catalina I, Montalva Nicolás, Arias Macarena, Hevia Macarena, Moraga Mauricio L, Flores Sergio V
Departamento De Antropología, Institution and Department: Universidad De Chile, Santiago, 7800284, Chile.
Am J Hum Biol. 2016 Mar-Apr;28(2):213-9. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22775. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
Lactase persistence (LP) is a genetic trait that has been studied among different countries and ethnic groups. In Latin America, the frequencies of this trait have been shown to vary according to the degree of admixture of the populations. The objective of this study is to better understand the relationship between this genetic trait and dairy intake in a multiethnic context through a synthesis of studies conducted in four regions of Chile.
Genotypes frequencies for the SNP LCT-13910C>T (rs4988235) and frequency of dairy consumption were obtained from four populations: Polynesians from Easter Island (Rapanui); Amerindians (Mapuche) and Mestizos from the Araucanía region; urban Mestizos from Santiago; and rural Mestizos from the Coquimbo region. Genetic differentiation and association between milk consumption and genotype frequencies were estimated.
Genetic differentiation between Native and Mestizo populations was significant; the LP frequency in Mapuche and Rapanui was 10% and 25%, respectively, whereas among the Mestizos, LP frequency was near 40%. Dairy intake was below the nutritional recommendations for the four groups, and extremely below recommendations among the indigenous populations. Association between milk intake and LP was found in Santiago and Rapanui populations.
Although the frequency of LP varies among the populations according to their degree of admixture, dairy consumption was very low across the populations. Given that the association between milk consumption and expected phenotype was found only in two of the populations analyzed, it seems that lactase non-persistence (LNP) is not the only cause for dairy avoidance. Thus, it is suggested that SES and cultural preferences are likely affecting dairy consumption.
乳糖酶持久性（LP）是一种已在不同国家和族群中得到研究的遗传性状。在拉丁美洲，该性状的频率已显示会因人群的混合程度而有所不同。本研究的目的是通过综合在智利四个地区开展的研究，在多民族背景下更好地理解这种遗传性状与乳制品摄入之间的关系。
从四个群体中获取了单核苷酸多态性LCT - 13910C>T（rs4988235）的基因型频率以及乳制品消费频率，这四个群体分别是：来自复活节岛（拉帕努伊）的波利尼西亚人；来自阿劳卡尼亚地区的美洲印第安人（马普切人）和混血儿；来自圣地亚哥的城市混血儿；以及来自科金博地区的农村混血儿。估计了牛奶消费与基因型频率之间遗传分化和关联。
原住民和混血儿群体之间的遗传分化显著；马普切人和拉帕努伊人的LP频率分别为10%和25%，而在混血儿中，LP频率接近40%。这四个群体的乳制品摄入量均低于营养建议量，在原住民群体中则极低。在圣地亚哥和拉帕努伊人群体中发现了牛奶摄入量与LP之间的关联。
尽管LP的频率在不同人群中因其混合程度而有所不同，但所有人群的乳制品消费量都很低。鉴于仅在两个分析群体中发现了牛奶消费与预期表型之间的关联，似乎乳糖酶非持久性（LNP）并非避免食用乳制品的唯一原因。因此，建议社会经济地位（SES）和文化偏好可能影响乳制品消费。
