Young Pierce G, Bartel Bonnie
Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 May;1863(5):999-1005. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 5.
Peroxisomes are dynamic, vital organelles that sequester a variety of oxidative reactions and their toxic byproducts from the remainder of the cell. The oxidative nature of peroxisomal metabolism predisposes the organelle to self-inflicted damage, highlighting the need for a mechanism to dispose of damaged peroxisomes. In addition, the metabolic requirements of plant peroxisomes change during development, and obsolete peroxisomal proteins are degraded. Although pexophagy, the selective autophagy of peroxisomes, is an obvious mechanism for executing such degradation, pexophagy has only recently been described in plants. Several recent studies in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana implicate pexophagy in the turnover of peroxisomal proteins, both for quality control and during functional transitions of peroxisomal content. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the occurrence, roles, and mechanisms of pexophagy in plants.
过氧化物酶体是动态的重要细胞器，它将各种氧化反应及其有毒副产物与细胞的其余部分隔离开来。过氧化物酶体代谢的氧化性质使该细胞器容易受到自身造成的损伤，这突出表明需要一种机制来处理受损的过氧化物酶体。此外，植物过氧化物酶体的代谢需求在发育过程中会发生变化，过时的过氧化物酶体蛋白会被降解。尽管过氧化物酶体自噬（过氧化物酶体的选择性自噬）是执行这种降解的一种明显机制，但过氧化物酶体自噬最近才在植物中被描述。在参考植物拟南芥中最近的几项研究表明，过氧化物酶体自噬参与过氧化物酶体蛋白的周转，既用于质量控制，也用于过氧化物酶体内容物的功能转变。在这篇综述中，我们描述了目前对植物过氧化物酶体自噬的发生、作用和机制的理解。
