Mogarekar Mukund Ramchandra, Kulkarni Shyam K
Department of Biochemistry, S.R.T.R. Govt. Medical College, Ambajogai, Maharshtra, India.
Diagnostic Laboratory, Mumbai, India.
Arch Med Res. 2015 Oct;46(7):534-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.08.007. Epub 2015 Sep 5.
Atherosclerosis, the root cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), has a number of risk factors-some modifiable and some not. CVD increases in women particularly during the postmenopausal period. Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), a subclass of LDL, is an important determinant of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that prevents oxidative modifications in LDL and HDL. With this background, we studied the sdLDL-C, PON1 and lipid profile in postmenopausal women to compare between quality and quantity of LDL.
We studied 80 pre- and postmenopausal women (40/group). The following parameters were studied: lipid profile, sdLDL-C and PON1 levels. With proper statistical tools the correlation between these parameters was studied.
Postmenopausal women, in comparison with premenopausal women, have significantly increased levels of serum triglycerides and sdLDL-C and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and significantly decreased levels of HDL-C and PON1. PON1 activity was negatively correlated with age, TC, TG, LDL-C and sdLDL-C (r = -0.574, -0.119, -0.226, -0.473 and -0.455, respectively) and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.368), whereas sdLDL-C was positively correlated with age, TC, TG, LDL-C (r = 0.633, 0.485, 0.561 and 0.705, respectively) and negatively with HDL-C (r = -0.235). Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated HDL-C and menopausal status as the best determinant for PON1 (R(2) = 0.320, p < 0.05) and menopausal status, LDL-C, TG, and TC were the best determinants for sdLDL-C (R(2) = 0.606, p < 0.05).
The results of the present study suggest quality, i.e., sdLDL-C, is more important than only LDL-C levels. Similarly, decrease in PON1 and increase in sdLDL-C go hand in hand. This shows that antioxidant capacity is compromised with a qualitative downfall in lipoproteins in postmenopausal women.
动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病（CVD）的根本原因，有多种风险因素——有些可改变，有些不可改变。CVD在女性中尤其是在绝经后时期会增加。小而密低密度脂蛋白（sdLDL）是低密度脂蛋白的一个亚类，是绝经后女性动脉粥样硬化的一个重要决定因素。对氧磷酶1（PON1）是一种与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）相关的酶，可防止低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白发生氧化修饰。在此背景下，我们研究了绝经后女性的sdLDL-C、PON1和血脂谱，以比较低密度脂蛋白的质量和数量。
我们研究了80名绝经前和绝经后女性（每组40名）。研究了以下参数：血脂谱、sdLDL-C和PON1水平。使用适当的统计工具研究了这些参数之间的相关性。
与绝经前女性相比，绝经后女性的血清甘油三酯、sdLDL-C和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）水平显著升高，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和PON1水平显著降低。PON1活性与年龄、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和sdLDL-C呈负相关（r分别为-0.574、-0.119、-0.226、-0.473和-0.455），与HDL-C呈正相关（r = 0.368），而sdLDL-C与年龄、TC、TG、LDL-C呈正相关（r分别为0.633、0.485、0.561和0.705），与HDL-C呈负相关（r = -0.235）。逐步多元回归分析表明，HDL-C和绝经状态是PON1的最佳决定因素（R² = 0.320，p < 0.05），绝经状态、LDL-C、TG和TC是sdLDL-C的最佳决定因素（R² = 0.606，p < 0.05）。
本研究结果表明，质量，即sdLDL-C，比单纯的LDL-C水平更重要。同样，PON1的降低和sdLDL-C的升高是相伴发生的。这表明绝经后女性脂蛋白质量下降会损害抗氧化能力。
