Kaiser Marie, Kuwert Philipp, Braehler Elmar, Glaesmer Heide
*Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig; †Department of Psychiatry at the HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald; and ‡Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2015 Oct;203(10):742-8. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000361.
At the end of World War II and during the first decade after the war, roughly 200,000 children were fathered in intimate contacts between German women and foreign soldiers. The experiences of these German occupation children (GOC) have been so far described in case reports and from historical perspective only. Research on psychosocial consequences of growing up as a GOC has been missing so far. This study examined traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder, somatization, and depression in GOC (N = 146) using self-report instruments: Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire. Findings have then been compared with a representative birth cohort-matched sample from the German general population (N = 977). German occupation children showed significantly higher prevalence rates of most traumatic experiences, higher point prevalence rates of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and somatization than the control group. In summary, GOC often grew up under difficult conditions (e.g., poverty, single mothers, and stigmatization). Even decades later, they showed higher rates of different mental disorders and higher comorbidity. These findings underline the complex and long-term impact of their burdened social, financial, and familial conditions. The results underpin the importance of conceptualizing occupation children as a vulnerable group in postconflict settings.
第二次世界大战结束时及战后的头十年里，约有20万名儿童是德国女性与外国士兵亲密接触后所生。到目前为止，这些德国占领区儿童（GOC）的经历仅在病例报告和从历史角度有所描述。迄今为止，尚未有关于作为德国占领区儿童成长的心理社会后果的研究。本研究使用自我报告工具《创伤后诊断量表》和《患者健康问卷》，对146名德国占领区儿童的创伤经历、创伤后应激障碍、躯体化和抑郁情况进行了调查。然后将研究结果与来自德国普通人群的具有代表性的出生队列匹配样本（977人）进行了比较。德国占领区儿童在大多数创伤经历中的患病率显著更高，完全和部分创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和躯体化的时点患病率也高于对照组。总之，德国占领区儿童通常在艰难的条件下成长（如贫困、单亲家庭和受污名化）。即使几十年后，他们患不同精神障碍的比率更高，共病情况也更严重。这些发现突显了他们沉重的社会、经济和家庭状况所产生的复杂而长期的影响。研究结果强调了将占领区儿童视为冲突后环境中弱势群体的重要性。
