Tully Thomas, Potapov Mikhail
Institute of ecology and environmental sciences-Paris (iEES Paris, UMR 7618), CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; ESPE de Paris, Université Paris 4, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
Department of Zoology and Ecology, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.
PLoS One. 2015 Sep 10;10(9):e0136047. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136047. eCollection 2015.
We describe and compare the external morphology of eleven clonal strains and one sexual lineage of the globally distributed Folsomia candida, known as "standard" test Collembola. Of the 18 morphological characters studied, we measured 14 to have significant between-strains genetic variations, 9 of these had high heritabilities (>78%). The quantified morphological polymorphism was used to analyse the within-species relationships between strains by using both a parsimony analysis and a distance tree. These two detailed morphological phylogenies have revealed that the parthenogenetic strains grouped themselves into two major clades. However the exact position of the sexual strain remains unclear and further analysis is needed to confirm its exact relationship with the parthenogenetic ones. The two morphologically based clades were found to be the same as the ones previously described using molecular analysis. This shows that despite large within-strain variations, morphological characters can be used to differentiate some strains that have diverged within a single morphospecies. We discuss the potential evolutionary interpretations and consequences of these different levels of phenotypic variability.
我们描述并比较了全球分布的白符跳（Folsomia candida）的11个克隆菌株和1个有性谱系的外部形态，白符跳是所谓的“标准”测试弹尾虫。在所研究的18个形态特征中，我们测量了14个具有显著的菌株间遗传变异，其中9个具有高遗传力（>78%）。通过简约分析和距离树，利用量化的形态多态性来分析菌株间的种内关系。这两个详细的形态系统发育分析表明，孤雌生殖菌株分为两个主要分支。然而，有性菌株的确切位置仍不清楚，需要进一步分析以确认其与孤雌生殖菌株的确切关系。发现这两个基于形态的分支与先前使用分子分析描述的分支相同。这表明，尽管菌株内存在很大变异，但形态特征可用于区分在单一形态物种内已经分化的一些菌株。我们讨论了这些不同水平表型变异性的潜在进化解释和后果。
