Ryan J A, Poster E C
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1989 Dec;3(6):323-31.
The purpose of this prospective study was to identify attitudinal changes and to describe the emotional, cognitive, social, and biophysiological short- and long-term reactions of nursing staff being physically assaulted by a patient. Sixty-one assaulted nursing staff at the University of California Los Angeles Neuropsychiatric Institute comprised the sample. Responses to the assault were elicited through weekly self-report questionnaires and interviews at week 1 and week 6. Follow-up questionnaires were completed at 6 months to 1 year following the assault. Sixty-seven percent (41/61) of the staff met the "responder" criteria during week 1. Eighteen percent (11/61) of the assaulted staff continued to experience moderate to severe responses 6 weeks following the assault. Long-term follow-up showed that 21% (8/39) of the staff were responders at 6 months, and 16% (4/25) were responders at 1 year. Two overall trends were evident: an overall decrease in the frequency of moderate to severe responses in each of the four categories from weeks 1 to 6, with increases during weeks 3 and 4, and a higher frequency of moderate, rather than intense and severe, responses throughout the 6 week period. No significant changes in attitudes were found. The data support the need for formalized clinical, educational, and administrative programs to assist staff in coping with this stressful work experience.
这项前瞻性研究的目的是确定态度变化，并描述护理人员遭受患者身体攻击后的情绪、认知、社会和生物生理方面的短期及长期反应。样本包括加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校神经精神病学研究所的61名遭受攻击的护理人员。通过每周的自我报告问卷以及在第1周和第6周进行的访谈来了解对攻击的反应。在攻击发生后的6个月至1年完成随访问卷。67%（41/61）的工作人员在第1周符合“有反应者”标准。18%（11/61）的受攻击工作人员在攻击发生6周后仍有中度至重度反应。长期随访显示，21%（8/39）的工作人员在6个月时为有反应者，16%（4/25）的工作人员在1年时为有反应者。有两个总体趋势很明显：从第1周到第6周，四个类别中中度至重度反应的频率总体下降，在第3周和第4周有所增加，并且在整个6周期间中度反应的频率高于强烈和重度反应。未发现态度有显著变化。数据支持需要制定正式的临床、教育和管理计划，以帮助工作人员应对这种压力大的工作经历。
