阿曼巴提奈南省志贺氏菌病暴发：病例对照研究
Shigellosis Outbreak in Al Batinah South Governorate, Oman: Case-control study.
作者信息
Abaidani Idris, Raju Prasanna A, Al-Shualli Issa, Al-Sa'di Khalid, Al-Shaqsi Nasser, Al-Khatri Amer
机构信息
Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance & Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman;
Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance & Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health, Al Batinah South Governorate, Rustaq, Oman.
出版信息
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2015 Aug;15(3):e382-9. doi: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.03.013. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
OBJECTIVES
An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to Shigella flexneri occurred in August 2012 in the catchment area of the Wadi Sahtan Health Center in Rustaq, Al Batinah South Governorate, Oman. The aim of this study was to discover possible causes of this outbreak in the villages of Fassa, Rogh and Amk and to measure the risk of exposure among cases and controls.
METHODS
A case-control study was conducted in September 2012 in Fassa, Rogh and Amk. All households in the three villages were interviewed. Case and control households were compared to determine possible exposure avenues, including place of residence, source of drinking water, hand hygiene levels and practices related to drinking water, food preparation and environmental sanitation.
RESULTS
Residing in Fassa (P <0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 4.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.22-10.63) and average hand hygiene practices (P = 0.008; OR = 13.97, 95% CI = 1.58-123.36) were associated with an increased risk of contracting shigellosis. No significant differences were found with regards to the other exposure avenues.
CONCLUSION
This was the first study conducted in Oman regarding an outbreak of shigellosis in a community setting. The only variables that significantly impacted the risk of acute gastroenteritis were residing in Fassa and average hand hygiene practices. The source of the outbreak could not be identified. However, septic tank sanitation and water and food consumption practices were not satisfactory in the studied villages. These need to be addressed to prevent similar outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in this region in the future.
目的
2012年8月，阿曼南巴提奈省鲁斯塔克市瓦迪·萨赫坦健康中心辖区内发生了一起由福氏志贺菌引起的急性肠胃炎疫情。本研究的目的是找出法萨、罗格和阿姆克村此次疫情的可能病因，并衡量病例组和对照组的暴露风险。
方法
2012年9月在法萨、罗格和阿姆克村开展了一项病例对照研究。对这三个村庄的所有家庭进行了访谈。比较病例家庭和对照家庭，以确定可能的暴露途径，包括居住地点、饮用水来源、手部卫生水平以及与饮用水、食物制备和环境卫生相关的做法。
结果
居住在法萨村（P<0.0001；比值比[OR]=4.86，95%置信区间[CI]=2.22-10.63）和手部卫生习惯一般（P=0.008；OR=13.97，95%CI=1.58-123.36）与感染志贺氏菌病的风险增加有关。在其他暴露途径方面未发现显著差异。
结论
这是阿曼首次在社区环境中针对志贺菌病疫情开展的研究。对急性肠胃炎风险有显著影响的唯一变量是居住在法萨村和手部卫生习惯一般。此次疫情的源头无法确定。然而，研究村庄的化粪池卫生以及水和食物消费习惯并不令人满意。未来需要解决这些问题，以防止该地区再次发生类似的急性肠胃炎疫情。
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