Yartseva Valeria, Giraldez Antonio J
Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2015;113:191-232. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.020. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
Cellular transitions occur at all stages of organismal life from conception to adult regeneration. Changing cellular state involves three main features: activating gene expression necessary to install the new cellular state, modifying the chromatin status to stabilize the new gene expression program, and removing existing gene products to clear out the previous cellular program. The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is one of the most profound changes in the life of an organism. It involves gene expression remodeling at all levels, including the active clearance of the maternal oocyte program to adopt the embryonic totipotency. In this chapter, we provide an overview of molecular mechanisms driving maternal mRNA clearance during the MZT, describe the developmental consequences of losing components of this gene regulation, and illustrate how remodeling of gene expression during the MZT is common to other cellular transitions with parallels to cellular reprogramming.
细胞转变发生在生物体从受精到成年再生的整个生命阶段。改变细胞状态涉及三个主要特征:激活建立新细胞状态所需的基因表达,改变染色质状态以稳定新的基因表达程序,以及去除现有的基因产物以清除先前的细胞程序。母源-合子转变(MZT)是生物体生命中最深刻的变化之一。它涉及各个层面的基因表达重塑,包括主动清除母源卵母细胞程序以获得胚胎全能性。在本章中,我们概述了驱动MZT期间母源mRNA清除的分子机制,描述了缺失这种基因调控成分的发育后果,并阐明了MZT期间基因表达的重塑如何与其他细胞转变以及细胞重编程相似,是其他细胞转变所共有的。