O'Connor Rory C, Nock Matthew K
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;1(1):73-85. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70222-6. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
The causes of suicidal behaviour are not fully understood; however, this behaviour clearly results from the complex interaction of many factors. Although many risk factors have been identified, they mostly do not account for why people try to end their lives. In this Review, we describe key recent developments in theoretical, clinical, and empirical psychological science about the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and emphasise the central importance of psychological factors. Personality and individual differences, cognitive factors, social aspects, and negative life events are key contributors to suicidal behaviour. Most people struggling with suicidal thoughts and behaviours do not receive treatment. Some evidence suggests that different forms of cognitive and behavioural therapies can reduce the risk of suicide reattempt, but hardly any evidence about factors that protect against suicide is available. The development of innovative psychological and psychosocial treatments needs urgent attention.
自杀行为的成因尚未完全明了；然而，这种行为显然是多种因素复杂相互作用的结果。尽管已识别出许多风险因素，但它们大多无法解释人们为何试图结束自己的生命。在本综述中，我们描述了近期理论、临床和实证心理学领域关于自杀念头和行为出现的关键进展，并强调心理因素的核心重要性。人格与个体差异、认知因素、社会层面以及负面生活事件是自杀行为的关键促成因素。大多数有自杀念头和行为的人未得到治疗。一些证据表明，不同形式的认知和行为疗法可降低自杀未遂的风险，但几乎没有关于预防自杀因素的证据。创新心理和社会心理治疗方法的开发亟待关注。
