Kowalczyk Z, Symonowicz H, Koziej M
Probl Med Wieku Rozwoj. 1979;9:62-74.
In available literature the results of calorie balance studies carried out systematically during the whole first year of life have not been found. As the knowledge of energy metabolism in infants is still insufficient the longitudinal calorie balance studies of healthy infants as well as of infants with various alimentary tract disorders, and these born with low body weight were undertaken. In this paper the results of calorie balance studies in 15 healthy, full-term and full-size infants are presented. A three-day calorie balance investigations were carried out once a month after 5-10 days of adaptation to the diet. Caloric values of really consumed food, the quantity of calories excreted in faces and urine was determined in the ballistic calorimetric bomb using the method of Miller and Payne. The infants were divided into three groups according to the composition of the test formulas, which were given for the first six months of life. From the third week of life all infants were given juices and vitamins, from the fourth month vegetable soup. In the second semester of life all the infants were fed the same standard diet according to the scheme of artificial feeding in Poland. The test standard diet according to the scheme of artificial feeding in Poland. The test formulas were isocaloric and they differed mainly with protein quantity as well as fat quantity and quality: in two formulas the cow's milk fat was totally replaced with soya oil. The main parameters of calorie balance--calorie intake, calorie excretion in feces and in urine, the metabolizable energy in kcal/kg b.w./24 hrs and as percent of calorie intake were estimated. the relation of gain in weight to calorie intake and caloric efficiency of milk formulas used was counted. The results were presented in tables and figures. In the discussion the relationship between some parameters of calorie balance were evaluated, particularly the relation between calorie intake and gain in weight. According to the data from literature the caloric efficiency of formulas containing vegetable oils is higher than of the formulas containing unmodified cow's milk fat and the daily gain in weight of infants fed fat modified formulas is better. In our investigations there were no differences in the caloric efficiency of formulas used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
在现有文献中，尚未发现对婴儿出生后第一年进行系统的热量平衡研究的结果。由于对婴儿能量代谢的了解仍不充分，因此对健康婴儿、患有各种消化道疾病的婴儿以及低体重出生的婴儿进行了纵向热量平衡研究。本文介绍了对15名健康、足月且发育正常的婴儿进行热量平衡研究的结果。在适应饮食5 - 10天后，每月进行一次为期三天的热量平衡调查。使用米勒和佩恩的方法，在弹道量热弹中测定实际摄入食物的热量值、粪便和尿液中排出的热量。根据用于婴儿出生后头六个月的测试配方组成，将婴儿分为三组。从出生第三周起，所有婴儿都开始摄入果汁和维生素，从第四个月起添加蔬菜汤。在婴儿生命的第二个半年，根据波兰人工喂养方案，所有婴儿都食用相同的标准饮食。测试标准饮食依据波兰人工喂养方案。测试配方的热量相等，主要区别在于蛋白质含量以及脂肪的量和质：在两种配方中，全脂牛奶脂肪被大豆油完全替代。估算了热量平衡的主要参数——热量摄入、粪便和尿液中的热量排泄、每千克体重每24小时的可代谢能量以及占热量摄入的百分比。计算了体重增加与热量摄入以及所用奶粉热量效率之间的关系。结果以表格和图表形式呈现。在讨论中，评估了热量平衡的一些参数之间的关系，特别是热量摄入与体重增加之间的关系。根据文献数据，含植物油配方的热量效率高于含未改性全脂牛奶脂肪的配方，且喂养脂肪改性配方奶粉的婴儿每日体重增加情况更好。在我们的研究中，所用配方的热量效率没有差异。（摘要截选至400字）
