Fuchs G J, Farris R P, DeWier M, Hutchinson S, Strada R, Suskind R M
Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Medical School, New Orleans 70112.
Pediatrics. 1994 May;93(5):756-63.
To determine the effects of feeding regimens of varying fat composition on dietary intake and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in older infants.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: One hundred four healthy infants aged 4 to 6 months were enrolled from private pediatric practices or public health clinics and were randomly assigned to one of four feeding groups until 12 months of age.
Infants received whole cow milk or a standard infant formula (48% to 49% of energy as fat from butterfat or a soy-coconut oil blend, respectively) or one of two nearly identical investigational lower fat follow-up formulas (36% kcal from a fat blend of palm olein, corn, and safflower oils) as their primary food source in addition to table foods.
Nutrient intakes during the study period were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively. Serum lipids, lipoprotein concentrations, and anthropometrics were determined at baseline and at 12 months of age (study completion).
Total energy intake was equivalent among feeding groups. Infants fed cow milk had higher mean daily intakes of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and cholesterol. Linoleic acid intake by infants fed cow milk, including that from table foods, was insufficient to meet current recommendations. Mean serum total cholesterol was significantly higher in the infants fed cow milk at age 12 months, whereas mean low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B were lower in the infants fed the follow-up formulas. Infants consuming the infant formula or whole cow milk demonstrated greater increases in mean serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B by 12 months of age compared with infants ingesting follow-up formula. Ponderal, linear, and head circumference growth was equivalent among feeding groups.
(1) Older infants fed lower fat formula have adequate total energy intake and normal growth. (2) The fat composition of the diets fed to the infants influenced serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles. (3) The fat composition of cow milk is inferior compared with commercial formulas. (4) The optimal fat blend for older infants including the consequences of the standard practice of adding high percentage of coconut oil to infant formulas should be defined further.
确定不同脂肪成分的喂养方案对较大婴儿饮食摄入量以及血清脂质和脂蛋白浓度的影响。
设计、地点和参与者：从私立儿科诊所或公共卫生诊所招募了104名4至6个月大的健康婴儿，并将他们随机分配到四个喂养组之一，直至12个月大。
婴儿除食用辅食外，还分别以全脂牛奶或标准婴儿配方奶粉（分别从乳脂或大豆 - 椰子油混合物中获取48%至49%的能量作为脂肪）或两种几乎相同的研究用低脂后续配方奶粉之一（从棕榈油精、玉米和红花油的混合脂肪中获取36%千卡能量）作为主要食物来源。
对研究期间的营养摄入量进行定性和定量描述。在基线和12个月龄（研究结束时）测定血清脂质、脂蛋白浓度和人体测量指标。
各喂养组的总能量摄入量相当。喂食牛奶的婴儿每日总脂肪、饱和脂肪、单不饱和脂肪和胆固醇的平均摄入量较高。喂食牛奶的婴儿（包括来自辅食的摄入量）亚油酸摄入量不足以满足当前建议。12个月大时，喂食牛奶的婴儿平均血清总胆固醇显著更高，而喂食后续配方奶粉的婴儿平均低密度脂蛋白和载脂蛋白B较低。与摄入后续配方奶粉的婴儿相比，食用婴儿配方奶粉或全脂牛奶的婴儿到12个月龄时平均血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和载脂蛋白B的增幅更大。各喂养组间的体重、身高和头围增长相当。
（1）喂食低脂配方奶粉的较大婴儿有足够的总能量摄入且生长正常。（2）婴儿所食用饮食的脂肪成分影响血清脂质和脂蛋白谱。（3）与商业配方奶粉相比，牛奶的脂肪成分较差。（4）应进一步确定较大婴儿的最佳脂肪混合物，包括在婴儿配方奶粉中添加高比例椰子油这一标准做法的后果。
