SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.
DESY Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Aug 28;115(9):095701. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.095701.
The melting of bismuth in response to shock compression has been studied using in situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction at an x-ray free electron laser. Both solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions are documented using changes in discrete diffraction peaks and the emergence of broad, liquid scattering upon release from shock pressures up to 14 GPa. The transformation from the solid state to the liquid is found to occur in less than 3 ns, very much faster than previously believed. These results are the first quantitative measurements of a liquid material obtained on shock release using x-ray diffraction, and provide an upper limit for the time scale of melting of bismuth under shock loading.
使用自由电子激光的原位飞秒 X 射线衍射研究了冲击压缩下铋的熔化。通过离散衍射峰的变化和在释放至高达 14 GPa 的冲击压力时宽的液体散射的出现，记录了固-固和固-液相变。发现在不到 3 ns 的时间内，从固态转变为液态，这比之前认为的要快得多。这些结果是使用 X 射线衍射在冲击释放下获得的液态物质的第一个定量测量值，并为冲击加载下铋熔化的时间尺度提供了上限。
