Westermann Stefan, Cavelti Marialuisa, Heibach Eva, Caspar Franz
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland.
Translational Research Center, University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Bern, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2015 Sep 2;6:1294. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01294. eCollection 2015.
Treatment options for patients with schizophrenia demand further improvement. One way to achieve this improvement is the translation of findings from basic research into new specific interventions. Beyond that, addressing the therapy relationship has the potential to enhance both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. This paper introduces motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (MOTR) building for schizophrenia. MOTR enables therapists to proactively adapt to their patient's needs and to prevent problematic behaviors. For example, a patient might consider medication as helpful in principle, but the rejection of medication might be one of his few remaining means for his acceptable motive to stay autonomous despite hospitalization. A therapist who is motive-oriented proactively offers many degrees of freedom to this patient in order to satisfy his need for autonomy and to weaken the motivational basis for not taking medication. MOTR makes use of findings from basic and psychotherapy research and is generic in this respect, but at the same time guides therapeutic action precisely and flexibly in a patient oriented way.
精神分裂症患者的治疗方案需要进一步改进。实现这一改进的一种方法是将基础研究的成果转化为新的特定干预措施。除此之外，关注治疗关系有可能增强药物治疗和非药物治疗的效果。本文介绍了针对精神分裂症的动机导向型治疗关系（MOTR）的建立。MOTR使治疗师能够主动适应患者的需求并预防问题行为。例如，患者可能原则上认为药物治疗有帮助，但拒绝服药可能是他在住院期间保持自主这一可接受动机的少数剩余手段之一。以动机为导向的治疗师会主动为该患者提供多种自由度，以满足他对自主的需求，并削弱不服药的动机基础。MOTR利用了基础研究和心理治疗研究的成果，在这方面具有通用性，但同时又以患者为导向精确而灵活地指导治疗行动。
