Knechtle Beat, Rosemann Thomas, Zingg Matthias A, Rüst Christoph A
Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland ; Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Springerplus. 2015 Sep 18;4:523. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1330-y. eCollection 2015.
Participation and performance trends for age group marathoners have been investigated for large city marathons such as the 'New York City Marathon' but not for mountain marathons. This study investigated participation and trends in performance and sex difference in the mountain marathon 'Jungfrau Marathon' held in Switzerland from 2000 to 2014 using single and mixed effects regression analyses. Results were compared to a city marathon (Lausanne Marathon) also held in Switzerland during the same period. Sex difference was calculated using the equation ([race time in women] - [race time in men]/[race time in men] × 100). Changes in sex differences across calendar years and were investigated using linear regression models. In 'Jungfrau Marathon', participation in all female and male age groups increased with exception of women in age groups 18-24 and men in age groups 30-34, 40-44 and 60-64 years where participation remained unchanged. In 'Lausanne Marathon', participation increased in women in age groups 30-34 to 40-44 years. In men, participation increased in age groups 25-29 to 44-44 years and 50-54 years. In 'Jungfrau Marathon' runners became slower across years in age groups 18-24 to 70-74 years. In 'Lausanne Marathon', runners became slower across years in age groups 18-24 and 30-34 to 65-69 years, but not for 25-29, 70-74 and 75-79 years. In 'Jungfrau Marathon', sex difference increased in age groups 25-29 (from 4 to 10 %) and 60-64 years (from 3 to 8 %) but decreased in age group 40-44 years (from 12 to 6 %). In 'Lausanne Marathon', the sex difference showed no changes. In summary, participation increased in most female and male age groups but performance decreased in most age groups for both the mountain marathon 'Jungfrau Marathon' and the city marathon 'Lausanne Marathon'. The sex differences were lower in the 'Jungfrau Marathon' (~6-7 %) compared to the 'Lausanne Marathon' where the sex difference was ~10-12 % from age groups 18-24 to 55-59 years. These unexpected findings might be a typical Swiss phenomenon. Future studies need to investigate whether this trend can also be found in other endurance sports events held in Switzerland and other mountain marathons held in other countries.
针对大城市马拉松赛事，如“纽约市马拉松赛”，已对各年龄组马拉松选手的参赛情况和成绩趋势展开了调查，但尚未涉及山地马拉松赛事。本研究运用单因素和混合效应回归分析方法，对2000年至2014年在瑞士举办的“少女峰马拉松赛”这一山地马拉松赛事的参赛情况、成绩趋势及性别差异进行了调查。研究结果与同期同样在瑞士举办的城市马拉松赛（洛桑马拉松赛）进行了对比。性别差异通过公式（[女性比赛用时]-[男性比赛用时]/[男性比赛用时]×100）进行计算。运用线性回归模型对历年性别差异的变化情况进行了调查。在“少女峰马拉松赛”中，除了18 - 24岁年龄组的女性以及30 - 34岁、40 - 44岁和60 - 64岁年龄组的男性参赛人数保持不变外，其他所有女性和男性年龄组的参赛人数均有所增加。在“洛桑马拉松赛”中，30 - 34岁至40 - 44岁年龄组的女性参赛人数有所增加。在男性方面，25 - 29岁至44 - 44岁以及50 - 54岁年龄组的参赛人数有所增加。在“少女峰马拉松赛”中，18 - 24岁至70 - 74岁年龄组的选手成绩逐年变慢。在“洛桑马拉松赛”中，18 - 24岁以及30 - 34岁至65 - 69岁年龄组的选手成绩逐年变慢，但25 - 29岁、70 - 74岁和75 - 79岁年龄组的选手成绩未出现这种情况。在“少女峰马拉松赛”中，25 - 29岁年龄组（从4%增至10%）和60 - 64岁年龄组（从3%增至8%）的性别差异有所增加，但40 - 44岁年龄组的性别差异有所下降（从12%降至6%）。在“洛桑马拉松赛”中，性别差异未出现变化。综上所述，对于山地马拉松赛“少女峰马拉松赛”和城市马拉松赛“洛桑马拉松赛”而言，大多数女性和男性年龄组的参赛人数有所增加，但大多数年龄组的成绩有所下降。与“洛桑马拉松赛”相比，“少女峰马拉松赛”的性别差异较小（约6 - 7%），在“洛桑马拉松赛”中，18 - 24岁至55 - 59岁年龄组间的性别差异约为10 - 12%。这些意外发现可能是瑞士特有的现象。未来的研究需要调查在瑞士举办的其他耐力运动赛事以及在其他国家举办的其他山地马拉松赛中是否也能发现这种趋势。
