Hubbard Rebecca R, Palmberg Allison, Lydecker Janet, Green Brooke, Kelly Nichole R, Trapp Stephen, Bean Melanie K
1525 E 53rd St. Suite 503, Chicago, IL 60615, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, 806 W. Franklin St., Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, 806 W. Franklin St., Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
Appetite. 2016 Jan 1;96:399-407. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.024. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
Ethnic minority populations in the United States are disproportionately affected by obesity. To address this disparity, research has begun to investigate the role of culture, ethnicity, and experiences with racism on food choices and health interventions. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a new scale measuring the extent to which individuals' culture, as they perceive it, influences perceptions of food-related health messages. A diverse sample of 422 college students responded to the item pool, as well as surveys on race-related stress, self-efficacy in making healthy food choices, ethnic identity, and social support for health-related behaviors. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses produced a five-factor model: Connection (the extent to which food connected individuals with their culture), Authority (beliefs that health care providers were familiar with individuals' cultural foods), Unhealthy Food Perceptions (beliefs that individuals' cultural foods were perceived as unhealthy), Healthy Food Perceptions (beliefs that others perceive individuals' cultural foods to be healthy), and Social Value (the extent to which social relationships are improved by shared cultural food traditions). Authority and Healthy Food Perceptions were related to individuals' confidence in their ability to make healthy food choices. Authority was inversely correlated with negative coping with racism-related events. Ethnic identity was significantly correlated with all but Unhealthy Food Perceptions. Race/ethnicity differences were identified for Healthy Food Perceptions, Unhealthy Food Perceptions, Social Value, Connection, but not Authority. Applications and suggestions for further research using the Culturally-based Communication about Health, Eating, and Food (CHEF) Scale are proposed.
美国的少数族裔人口受肥胖影响的比例过高。为了解决这一差异问题，研究已开始调查文化、种族以及种族主义经历在食物选择和健康干预方面所起的作用。本研究的目的是开发并评估一种新的量表，用以衡量个体所感知的自身文化对与食物相关的健康信息认知的影响程度。422名大学生组成的多样化样本对项目库以及有关种族相关压力、做出健康食物选择的自我效能、族群认同和对健康相关行为的社会支持的调查做出了回应。探索性和验证性因素分析得出了一个五因素模型：联系（食物将个体与他们的文化联系起来的程度）、权威性（认为医疗保健提供者熟悉个体的文化食物的信念）、不健康食物认知（认为个体的文化食物被视为不健康的信念）、健康食物认知（认为他人认为个体的文化食物是健康的信念）以及社会价值（共享文化食物传统对社会关系改善的程度）。权威性和健康食物认知与个体做出健康食物选择的能力信心有关。权威性与应对与种族主义相关事件的消极方式呈负相关。族群认同与除不健康食物认知外的所有因素都显著相关。在健康食物认知、不健康食物认知、社会价值、联系方面发现了种族/族裔差异，但在权威性方面未发现差异。本文还提出了使用基于文化的健康、饮食和食物沟通（CHEF）量表的应用及进一步研究的建议。
