Zeinstra-Helfrich Marieke, Koops Wierd, Murk Albertinka J
Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Wageningen-IMARES, The Netherlands; Dept. Maritime, Marine, Environment & Safety, NHL University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 1080, 8900 CB Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Dept. Maritime, Marine, Environment & Safety, NHL University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 1080, 8900 CB Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2015 Nov 15;100(1):102-111. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.022. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
Application of chemical dispersants or mechanical dispersion on surface oil is a trade-off between surface effects (impact of floating oil) and sub-surface effects (impact of suspended oil). Making an informed decision regarding such response, requires insight in the induced change in fate and transport of the oil. We aim to identify how natural, chemical and mechanical dispersion could be quantified in oil spill models. For each step in the dispersion process, we review available experimental data in order to identify overall trends and propose an algorithm or calculation method. Additionally, the conditions for successful mechanical and chemical dispersion are defined. Two commonly identified key parameters in surface oil dispersion are: oil properties (viscosity and presence of dispersants) and mixing energy (often wind speed). Strikingly, these parameters play a different role in several of the dispersion sub-processes. This may explain difficulties in simply relating overall dispersion effectiveness to the individual parameters.
在海面油污上应用化学分散剂或进行机械分散，是在表面效应（浮油的影响）和次表面效应（悬浮油的影响）之间进行权衡。要就此类应对措施做出明智决策，需要深入了解油污归宿和运移过程中的诱发变化。我们旨在确定如何在溢油模型中对自然、化学和机械分散进行量化。对于分散过程的每一步，我们回顾现有的实验数据，以确定总体趋势并提出一种算法或计算方法。此外，还定义了成功进行机械和化学分散的条件。海面油污分散中两个常见的关键参数是：油的性质（粘度和分散剂的存在情况）和混合能量（通常为风速）。引人注目的是，这些参数在几个分散子过程中发挥着不同的作用。这或许可以解释为何难以简单地将总体分散效果与各个参数联系起来。
