Abruzzese Giselle Adriana, Motta Alicia Beatriz
Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(35):5144-50. doi: 10.2174/1381612821666150928105959.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) within hepatocytes exceeding 5 % of liver weight. NAFLD is a spectrum of pathological processes from nonalcoholic fatty liver or simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As NAFLD induces metabolic syndrome (MS), then, NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and even Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Because it is well established that patients carrying gene mutations also develop NAFLD in the absence of IR, the genetic predisposition to NAFLD is also discussed. Little is known about the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD in children and adolescents and the lack of non-invasive diagnostic tools in these populations is a major problem faced by physicians. The present review aims to discuss recent findings of NAFLD in children and adolescents and, considering the features in common with PCOS, we also discuss their relationship.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的定义为肝细胞内甘油三酯（TGs）的蓄积超过肝脏重量的5%。NAFLD是一系列病理过程，从非酒精性脂肪肝或单纯性脂肪变性到非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）、纤维化、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。由于NAFLD会诱发代谢综合征（MS），因此，NAFLD与胰岛素抵抗（IR）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）、高血压甚至多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）相关。由于携带基因突变的患者在无IR的情况下也会发生NAFLD，因此也对NAFLD的遗传易感性进行了讨论。对于儿童和青少年NAFLD的诊断和治疗知之甚少，这些人群缺乏非侵入性诊断工具是医生面临的主要问题。本综述旨在讨论儿童和青少年NAFLD的最新研究结果，并且考虑到与PCOS的共同特征，我们还将讨论它们之间的关系。
