Butler Chris C, Hawking Meredith K D, Quigley Anna, McNulty Cliodna A M
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, and GP, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Wales.
Public Health England Primary Care Unit, Microbiology Department, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK.
Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Oct;65(639):e702-7. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X686965.
Limited knowledge of the population incidence and management of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) limits information provision and interventions to enhance care in the community.
To describe incidence and severity, help seeking, and management of UTI from a population perspective.
Household survey in England in 2014.
In total, a random sample of 2424 females aged ≥16 years were interviewed in their own homes using computer-assisted interviewing about their UTI symptoms, help seeking, and management. Data were weighted by sex, age, ethnicity, working status, social grade, and housing tenure, and Government Office Region to be broadly representative of the general population.
Of the females interviewed, 892 (37%) reported having had at least one UTI in their lifetime (29% had more than one episode). In the past year, 11% of all females reported a UTI and 3% recurrent UTI (≥3 or more). Of those who had ever had a UTI, 48% rated their last UTI as fairly or very severe. In total, 95% consulted a health professional; 65% at their local GP practice during routine consulting hours. Out-of-hours consulting was uncommon but more prevalent in younger females. Of those contacting a health professional, 76% had a urine test, 74% were prescribed an antibiotic, but only 63% of these reported taking the antibiotic. Delayed antibiotic prescribing was rare.
UTI symptoms are common; most females consult in general practice, and are prescribed antibiotics, but one-third report not taking the antibiotics as prescribed. Benefit and harms in those taking, and not taking, antibiotics need to be better understood in order to improve help seeking, management, and adherence. Urine tests and antibiotics could be reduced by basing empirical antibiotics on symptoms, and increasing use of back-up prescriptions.
对单纯性尿路感染（UTI）的人群发病率及管理的了解有限，这限制了在社区提供信息及采取干预措施以改善护理。
从人群角度描述UTI的发病率、严重程度、寻求帮助及管理情况。
2014年在英格兰进行的家庭调查。
总共随机抽取了2424名年龄≥16岁的女性，在其家中通过计算机辅助访谈询问她们的UTI症状、寻求帮助及管理情况。数据按性别、年龄、种族、工作状况、社会阶层、住房保有情况及政府办公区域进行加权，以广泛代表一般人群。
在接受访谈的女性中，892人（37%）报告一生中至少患过一次UTI（29%有不止一次发作）。在过去一年中，所有女性中有11%报告患过UTI，3%为复发性UTI（≥3次或更多）。在曾患过UTI的人中，48%将其最后一次UTI评为相当严重或非常严重。总共95%的人咨询了医疗专业人员；65%在当地全科医生诊所的常规咨询时间就诊。非工作时间咨询不常见，但在年轻女性中更普遍。在联系医疗专业人员的人中，76%进行了尿液检查，74%被开了抗生素，但其中只有约63%报告服用了抗生素。延迟开具抗生素的情况很少见。
UTI症状很常见；大多数女性在全科医疗中咨询并被开了抗生素，但三分之一的人报告未按规定服用抗生素。为了改善寻求帮助、管理及依从性，需要更好地了解服用和未服用抗生素的益处及危害。通过根据症状经验性使用抗生素及增加备用处方的使用，可以减少尿液检查和抗生素的使用。
