Husain Fatima T
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Hear Res. 2016 Apr;334:37-48. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.010. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
The article reviews current data about the neural correlates of an individual's reaction to tinnitus, primarily from studies that employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Human studies employing brain imaging remain the most commonly used method to understand neural biomarkers of the reaction to tinnitus, a subjective hearing disorder. Evidence from anatomical and functional MRI studies is reviewed to better understand the large-scale neural networks implicated in tinnitus habituation and severity. These networks are concerned with attention, audition, and emotion, both during tasks and at 'rest' when no goal-directed activity is expected. I place the data in the context of published literature and current theories about tinnitus severity, while explaining the challenges and limitations of human MRI studies. A possible model of habituation to tinnitus is described, that of the attention system (via the frontal cortex) suppressing the response from the amygdala and the use of alternate nodes of the limbic system such as the insula and the parahippocampal gyrus when mediating emotion.
本文回顾了目前关于个体对耳鸣反应的神经关联的数据，主要来自采用磁共振成像（MRI）的研究。采用脑成像的人体研究仍然是理解对耳鸣（一种主观听力障碍）反应的神经生物标志物最常用的方法。本文回顾了解剖学和功能MRI研究的证据，以更好地理解与耳鸣习惯化和严重程度相关的大规模神经网络。这些网络在任务期间以及在预期没有目标导向活动的“休息”状态下，都与注意力、听觉和情绪有关。我将这些数据置于已发表文献和当前关于耳鸣严重程度的理论背景下，同时解释人体MRI研究的挑战和局限性。文中描述了一种可能的耳鸣习惯化模型，即注意力系统（通过额叶皮质）抑制杏仁核的反应，以及在调节情绪时使用边缘系统的替代节点，如脑岛和海马旁回。
