Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e1105-19. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-2854.
The brain, spinal cord, and skin are all derived from the embryonic ectoderm; this common derivation leads to a high association between central nervous system dysraphic malformations and abnormalities of the overlying skin. A myelomeningocele is an obvious open malformation, the identification of which is not usually difficult. However, the relationship between congenital spinal cord malformations and other cutaneous malformations, such as dimples, vascular anomalies (including infantile hemangiomata and other vascular malformations), congenital pigmented nevi or other hamartomata, or midline hairy patches may be less obvious but no less important. Pediatricians should be aware of these associations, recognize the cutaneous markers associated with congenital central nervous system malformations, and refer children with such markers to the appropriate specialist in a timely fashion for further evaluation and treatment.
脑、脊髓和皮肤均来源于胚胎外胚层；这种共同的起源导致中枢神经系统发育畸形与覆盖其上的皮肤异常之间存在高度相关性。脊膜膨出是一种明显的开放性畸形，通常不难识别。然而，先天性脊髓畸形与其他皮肤畸形（如皮肤凹陷、血管异常（包括婴儿血管瘤和其他血管畸形）、先天性色素痣或其他错构瘤，或中线多毛斑）之间的关系可能不太明显，但同样重要。儿科医生应了解这些关联，识别与先天性中枢神经系统畸形相关的皮肤标志物，并及时将具有此类标志物的患儿转介给相应的专科医生，以进行进一步评估和治疗。
