入籍促进移民的长期政治融合。
Naturalization fosters the long-term political integration of immigrants.
作者信息
Hainmueller Jens, Hangartner Dominik, Pietrantuono Giuseppe
机构信息
Department of Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6044; Immigration and Integration Policy Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6044; Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6044;
Department of Methodology, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Institute of Political Science, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Migration Policy Lab, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland;
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Oct 13;112(41):12651-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1418794112. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
Does naturalization cause better political integration of immigrants into the host society? Despite heated debates about citizenship policy, there exists almost no evidence that isolates the independent effect of naturalization from the nonrandom selection into naturalization. We provide new evidence from a natural experiment in Switzerland, where some municipalities used referendums as the mechanism to decide naturalization requests. Balance checks suggest that for close naturalization referendums, which are decided by just a few votes, the naturalization decision is as good as random, so that narrowly rejected and narrowly approved immigrant applicants are similar on all confounding characteristics. This allows us to remove selection effects and obtain unbiased estimates of the long-term impacts of citizenship. Our study shows that for the immigrants who faced close referendums, naturalization considerably improved their political integration, including increases in formal political participation, political knowledge, and political efficacy.
入籍是否能让移民更好地融入东道国社会？尽管围绕公民身份政策展开了激烈辩论，但几乎没有证据能将入籍的独立影响与入籍的非随机选择区分开来。我们从瑞士的一项自然实验中提供了新证据，在瑞士，一些市政当局通过公民投票作为决定入籍申请的机制。平衡性检验表明，对于仅以几票之差决定的势均力敌的入籍公投，入籍决定几乎是随机的，因此勉强被拒和勉强获批的移民申请者在所有混杂特征上都相似。这使我们能够消除选择效应，并获得公民身份长期影响的无偏估计。我们的研究表明，对于面临势均力敌公投的移民来说，入籍极大地改善了他们的政治融入，包括正式政治参与、政治知识和政治效能的提高。
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