Kosanic Marijana, Rankovic Branislav, Stanojkovic Tatjana, Vasiljevic Perica, Manojlovic Nedeljko
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
EXCLI J. 2014 Nov 18;13:1226-38. eCollection 2014.
The aim of this study is to investigate chemical composition of acetone extracts of the lichens Parmelia arseneana and Acarospora fuscata and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of these extracts and gyrophoric acid isolated from A. fuscata. The HPLC-UV method was used for the identification of secondary metabolites. Stictic acid, norstictic acid, gyrophoric acid, usnic acid, atranorin and chloroatranorin were identified in the A. fuscata. In P. arseneana, we detected stictic acid, norstictic acid, usnic acid and atranorin, while gyrophoric acid was not identified. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging capacity of tested samples on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, reducing the power of samples and determination of total phenolic compounds in extracts. As a result of the study, gyrophoric acid was found to have the largest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 105.75 µg/ml. Moreover, the tested samples had an effective superoxide anion radical scavenging and reducing power. The total content of phenol in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was also gyrophoric acid, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.019 to 1.25 mg/ml. Anticancer activity was tested against LS174 (human colon carcinoma cell line), A549 (human lung carcinoma cell line), Fem-x (malignant melanoma cell line), and a chronic myelogeneous leukaemia K562 cell line using the MTT method. Extract of P. arseneana expressed the strongest anticancer activity against all cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 11.61 to 47.06 µg/ml.
本研究旨在调查地衣阿氏梅衣（Parmelia arseneana）和暗褐粉衣（Acarospora fuscata）丙酮提取物的化学成分，以及这些提取物和从暗褐粉衣中分离出的石耳酸的体外抗氧化、抗菌和抗癌活性。采用高效液相色谱 - 紫外法鉴定次生代谢产物。在暗褐粉衣中鉴定出了扁枝衣酸、降扁枝衣酸、石耳酸、松萝酸、黑茶渍素和氯黑茶渍素。在阿氏梅衣中，检测到了扁枝衣酸、降扁枝衣酸、松萝酸和黑茶渍素，但未鉴定出石耳酸。通过测量受试样品对DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力、样品的还原能力以及提取物中总酚类化合物的含量来评估抗氧化活性。研究结果表明，石耳酸具有最大的DPPH自由基清除活性，IC50值为105.75 µg/ml。此外，受试样品具有有效的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和还原能力。提取物中的总酚含量以邻苯二酚当量计。通过肉汤微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度来评估抗菌活性。活性最强的也是石耳酸，最低抑菌浓度值范围为0.019至1.25 mg/ml。使用MTT法针对LS174（人结肠癌细胞系）、A549（人肺癌细胞系）、Fem - x（恶性黑色素瘤细胞系）和慢性髓性白血病K562细胞系测试抗癌活性。阿氏梅衣提取物对所有细胞系均表现出最强的抗癌活性，IC50值范围为11.61至47.06 µg/ml。
