Bonaterra Anna, Badosa Esther, Rezzonico Fabio, Duffy Brion, Montesinos Emilio
Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Division of Plant Protection, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
Int Microbiol. 2014 Jun;17(2):81-90. doi: 10.2436/20.1501.01.210.
Certain strains of Pantoea are used as biocontrol agents for the suppression of plant diseases. However, their commercial registration is hampered in some countries because of biosafety concerns. This study compares clinical and plant-beneficial strains of P. agglomerans and related species using a phenotypic analysis approach in which plant-beneficial effects, adverse effects in nematode models, and toxicity were evaluated. Plant-beneficial effects were determined as the inhibition of apple fruit infection by Penicillium expansum and apple flower infection by Erwinia amylovora. Clinical strains had no general inhibitory activity against infection by the fungal or bacterial plant pathogens, as only one clinical strain inhibited P. expansum and three inhibited E. amylovora. By contrast, all biocontrol strains showed activity against at least one of the phytopathogens, and three strains were active against both. The adverse effects in animals were evaluated in the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica and the bacterial-feeding nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Both models indicated adverse effects of the two clinical strains but not of any of the plant-beneficial strains. Toxicity was evaluated by means of hemolytic activity in blood, and genotoxicity with the Ames test. None of the strains, whether clinical or plant-beneficial, showed any evidence of toxicity.
某些泛菌菌株被用作抑制植物病害的生物防治剂。然而，由于生物安全问题，它们在一些国家的商业注册受到阻碍。本研究采用表型分析方法比较了成团泛菌及其相关物种的临床菌株和对植物有益的菌株，评估了对植物有益的效果、对线虫模型的不利影响和毒性。对植物有益的效果通过抑制扩展青霉对苹果果实的感染以及抑制解淀粉欧文氏菌对苹果花的感染来确定。临床菌株对真菌或细菌植物病原体的感染没有普遍的抑制活性，因为只有一株临床菌株抑制扩展青霉，三株抑制解淀粉欧文氏菌。相比之下，所有生物防治菌株对至少一种植物病原体有活性，三株对两者都有活性。在植物寄生线虫爪哇根结线虫和取食细菌的线虫秀丽隐杆线虫中评估了对动物的不利影响。两种模型均表明两种临床菌株有不利影响，但对任何对植物有益的菌株均无不利影响。通过血液中的溶血活性评估毒性，并用艾姆斯试验评估遗传毒性。无论是临床菌株还是对植物有益的菌株，均未显示出任何毒性迹象。
