Gaffney P M, Witte C, Clifford D L, Imai D M, O'Brien T D, Trejo M, Liberta F, Annamalai K, Fändrich M, Masliah E, Munson L, Sigurdson C J
Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Wildlife Disease Laboratories, Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2016 May;53(3):637-47. doi: 10.1177/0300985815604725. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
Systemic amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is highly prevalent (34%) in endangered island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and poses a risk to species recovery. Although elevated serum AA (SAA) from prolonged or recurrent inflammation predisposes to AA amyloidosis, additional risk factors are poorly understood. Here we define the severity of glomerular and medullary renal amyloid and identify risk factors for AA amyloidosis in 321 island foxes necropsied from 1987 through 2010. In affected kidneys, amyloid more commonly accumulated in the medullary interstitium than in the glomeruli (98% [n= 78 of 80] vs 56% [n= 45], respectively;P< .0001), and medullary deposition was more commonly severe (19% [n= 20 of 105]) as compared with glomeruli (7% [n= 7];P= .01). Univariate odds ratios (ORs) of severe renal AA amyloidosis were greater for short- and long-term captive foxes as compared with free-ranging foxes (ORs = 3.2, 3.7, respectively; overall P= .05) and for females as compared with males (OR = 2.9;P= .05). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that independent risk factors for amyloid development were increasing age class (OR = 3.8;P< .0001), San Clemente Island subspecies versus San Nicolas Island subspecies (OR = 5.3;P= .0003), captivity (OR = 5.1;P= .0001), and nephritis (OR = 2.3;P= .01). The increased risk associated with the San Clemente subspecies or captivity suggests roles for genetic as well as exogenous risk factors in the development of AA amyloidosis.
系统性淀粉样蛋白A（AA）淀粉样变性病在濒危的海岛灰狐（Urocyon littoralis）中高度流行（34%），对该物种的恢复构成威胁。尽管长期或反复炎症导致血清AA（SAA）升高易引发AA淀粉样变性病，但其他风险因素仍知之甚少。在此，我们定义了肾小球和肾髓质淀粉样变的严重程度，并确定了1987年至2010年期间接受尸检的321只海岛灰狐中AA淀粉样变性病的风险因素。在受影响的肾脏中，淀粉样蛋白更常见于肾髓质间质而非肾小球（分别为98% [n = 80只中的78只] 对56% [n = 45只]；P <.0001），并且肾髓质沉积比肾小球更常见于严重程度（19% [n = 105只中的20只]）（7% [n = 7只]；P =.01）。与自由放养的狐狸相比，短期和长期圈养的狐狸发生严重肾AA淀粉样变性病的单变量比值比（OR）更高（OR分别为3.2、3.7；总体P =.
