Meas Rithy, Mao Peng
School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA.
School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA.
DNA Repair (Amst). 2015 Dec;36:36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Sep 16.
DNA in human cells is constantly assaulted by endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. It is vital for the cell to respond rapidly and precisely to DNA damage to maintain genome integrity and reduce the risk of mutagenesis. Sophisticated reactions occur in chromatin surrounding the damaged site leading to the activation of DNA damage response (DDR), including transcription reprogramming, cell cycle checkpoint, and DNA repair. Histone proteins around the DNA damage play essential roles in DDR, through extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) by a variety of modifying enzymes. One PTM on histones, mono-ubiquitylation, has emerged as a key player in cellular response to DNA damage. In this review, we will (1) briefly summarize the history of histone H2A and H2B ubiquitylation (H2Aub and H2Bub, respectively), (2) discuss their roles in transcription, and (3) their functions in DDR.
人类细胞中的DNA不断受到内源性和外源性DNA损伤剂的攻击。细胞对DNA损伤做出快速而精确的反应以维持基因组完整性并降低诱变风险至关重要。受损位点周围的染色质中会发生复杂反应，从而导致DNA损伤反应（DDR）的激活，包括转录重编程、细胞周期检查点和DNA修复。DNA损伤周围的组蛋白通过多种修饰酶进行广泛的翻译后修饰（PTM），在DDR中发挥重要作用。组蛋白上的一种PTM，即单泛素化，已成为细胞对DNA损伤反应的关键因素。在本综述中，我们将（1）简要总结组蛋白H2A和H2B泛素化（分别为H2Aub和H2Bub）的历史，（2）讨论它们在转录中的作用，以及（3）它们在DDR中的功能。
