Kumar Dinesh, Chaturvedi Manoj K M, Sharma Saroj Kumar, Asolekar Shyam R
Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Oct;187(10):656. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4883-x. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
This study assesses the long-term sustainability for operation and maintenance (O&M) of sewage-fed aquaculture-based sewage treatment system. The study focused on the integrated assessment of an engineered pond system of 8 million liters per day capacity in the city of Karnal, the State of Haryana, northern India. Major areas during the assessment included health, environmental, societal and institutional views aspects as well as the quality of treated effluent subjected for reuse. The treatment facility met the Indian regulatory standards (downstream reuse and discharge into the legally permitted water bodies) in terms of physical-chemical parameters. The total coliform and faecal coliform removal were up to 2-3 log units; nevertheless, it was not capable to come across the bacterial count requirement (<1,000 per 100 mL to minimise human health risk in aquaculture practices). The system was able to generate sufficient net income required for routine O&M. Annual revenue collected by the Municipal Corporation from the lease of the facility as well as selling of treated wastewater was $3,077 and $16,667-$25,000, respectively. The additional benefit from the facility for the farmers included the saving of fertilizers and cheapest source of water available for irrigation. Recycling of treated sewages for irrigation is also returned nutrients to the surrounding farms in Karnal. This exercise has saved significant quantities of chemical fertilizer (26-41 Ton of nitrogen, 10-18 Ton of phosphorous and 38-58 Ton of potassium per year) and the overall benefit for farmers during cultivation of one acre of crop was calculated to be approximately $133 per year.
本研究评估了以污水为食的水产养殖污水处理系统运行与维护（O&M）的长期可持续性。该研究聚焦于对印度北部哈里亚纳邦卡纳尔市一个日处理能力为800万升的工程池塘系统进行综合评估。评估期间的主要领域包括健康、环境、社会和制度观点方面，以及经处理后用于再利用的废水质量。该处理设施在物理化学参数方面符合印度监管标准（下游再利用及排放至法定许可水体）。总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群的去除率高达2 - 3个对数单位；然而，它无法满足细菌计数要求（每100毫升<1000个，以将水产养殖实践中的人类健康风险降至最低）。该系统能够产生日常运维所需的足够净收入。市政公司从该设施租赁以及处理后废水销售中每年收取的收入分别为3077美元和16667 - 25000美元。该设施给农民带来的额外益处包括节省化肥以及提供最便宜的灌溉用水来源。经处理的污水用于灌溉还能将养分返还给卡纳尔周边的农场。此举每年节省了大量化肥（每年26 - 41吨氮、10 - 18吨磷和38 - 58吨钾），据计算，种植一英亩作物期间农民的总体年收益约为133美元。
