Santich Brian H, Liu Hong, Liu Cheng, Cheung Nai-Kong V
Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1348:191-204. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_17.
The adaptive immune response against cancer consists of two arms: the humoral response from B cells, and the cell-mediated response from T cells. The humoral response has the advantage of diversity, theoretically recognizing antigens of any type (sugar, protein, lipid, etc.), but is generally limited to surface-expressed targets. T cells on the other hand, can recognize intracellular targets, but only if they are proteins, and presented as small peptide fragments on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cell surface antigens. However, with advances in protein engineering and phage display, it has become feasible to quickly identify and generate antibodies or single-chain variable fragments against peptide-MHC, thus bridging the two arms, and allowing for recognition, identification, and effector responses against cells expressing intracellular targets.
B细胞介导的体液免疫反应和T细胞介导的细胞免疫反应。体液免疫反应具有多样性优势，理论上能够识别任何类型的抗原（糖、蛋白质、脂质等），但通常局限于表面表达的靶点。另一方面，T细胞能够识别细胞内靶点，但前提是这些靶点为蛋白质，并且以小肽片段的形式呈递在主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）细胞表面抗原上。然而，随着蛋白质工程和噬菌体展示技术的进步，快速鉴定和生成针对肽-MHC的抗体或单链可变片段已成为可能，从而弥合了这两个分支，实现了对表达细胞内靶点的细胞进行识别、鉴定和效应反应。
